Chapter 3 Psychological Dimension

Question 1

Psychosocial Theory

Answer 1

people follow a sequence of stages of development from birth through death.

Question 2

Piaget’s Theory of Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 2

Piaget’s stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piaget’s view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses into changes in mental operations. (FOUR STAGES= sensorimotor stage, pre operational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage)

Question 3

Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 3

according to Freud there are 3 types of personality:

Id
ego
superego

Question 4

Sigmund Freud

Answer 4

Believed that early experiences were possibly the most important factor in the formation of adult personality and psychopathology.

All human behavior is driven by libido

Question 5

Erikson’s 8 Stages of psychosocial development

Answer 5

Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others.

Question 6

social learning approach

Answer 6

moral behavior is shaped by environmental reinforcements and punishments

Question 7

Learning theory

Answer 7

Orientation that conceptualizes the social environment in terms of behavior, it’s preceding events, and consequences.

Question 8

stages of neuronal development

Answer 8

-Proliferation stage (mostly prenatal), migration stage, differential phase, myelenation phase. (82, bad explanation in book.)”

Question 9

Information processing perspective

Answer 9

“encoding, storage and retrieval” offers details about how our cognitive processes are organized-this theory makes a clear distinction between the thinker and the external environment; each is an independent, objective entity in the processing of inputs and outputs

Question 10

Emotion

Answer 10

a feeling state characterized by our appraisal of a stimulus, by changes in bodily sensations, and by displays of expressive gestures

Question 11

Mood

Answer 11

a feeling disposition that is more stable than emotion, less intense, and less tied to a specific situation

Question 12

Affect

Answer 12

refers only to the physiological manifestations of feelings, may be the result of drives