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ACE GFI > Chapter 3 - Posture and Anatomical Alignment > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Posture and Anatomical Alignment Flashcards

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1
Q

The position of the body in space
-or-
the orientation of the body to the environment in reaction to the force of gravity

A

Posture

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2
Q

A position that maintains balance with maximum stability, minimal anatomical stress, and minimal energy consumption

A

Posture

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3
Q

During Physical activity, the body experiences movement changes that trigger a set of interaction among what postural systems? (5)

A

1 - musculosketal system
2 - visual system
3 - vestibular system
4 - integumentary system
5 - central nervous system

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4
Q

What is the role of the postural system?

A

To protect the supporting structures of the body from progressive deformity and injury by keeping the body in a state of musculosketal balance.

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5
Q

The role of the Postural System is to protect the supporting structures of the body from progressive deformity and injury by keeping the body in a state of ___________________.

A

musculosketal balance.

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6
Q

What happens as a result of the following:
When a muscle or muscle group pulls too strongly or becomes tight relative to its functional atagonist?

A

Imbalance

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7
Q

The muscle that acts in opposition to the contraction produced by the agonist (prime mover) muscle

A

Antagonist

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8
Q

The muscle directly responsible for observed movement

Also called the prime mover

A

Agonist

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9
Q

When a muscle or muscle group becomes lengthened or is too weak relative to its functional agonist, what 2 things might happen?

A

1 - It might not pull with enough force to properly execute its intended function
2 OR it might not have the appropriate amount of tension to maintain a neutral joint position

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10
Q

Each muscle in the body must be _______ with all the other muscles exerting both ______ and _______ when stabilizing the body.

If too much or too little force is applied, ________ and _______ are not achieved

A

1 - In balance
2- exerting both force and stiffness
3. Optimal Balance
4. Posture

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11
Q

The trunk functions as the ________ ?

A

Tunnel through which all systems connect

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12
Q

What is known as a tunnel through which all systems connect?

A

The Trunk

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13
Q

What is known as the center of the core?

A

Pelvic Floor

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14
Q

What does core training involve?

A

Isometric tightening of the pelvic muscles in addition to activating the transverse abdominis which compresses and protects the core and stabilizes the spine.

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15
Q

A type of muscular contraction in which the muscle is stimulate to generate tension but little or no joint movement occurs

A

Isometric

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16
Q

Isometric tightening of the pelvic muscles in addition to activating the transverse abdominis which compresses and protects the core and stabilizes the spine.

A

Core training

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17
Q

_____ involves an equal amount of static, isometric tension on the lateral interior and posterior muscles of the core

There is a natural relationship between the ____ and the ______ where there is no exaggeration in either direction.

The Spine has
____# of cervical vertebrae
____# of thoraic vertebrae
____# lumbar vertebrae
____# fused vertebrae called the sacrum
____# fused vertebrae at the bottom, called coccyx

A

1 - neutral posture
2 - Ribs
3 - Hips

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Add graphic of vertebral column on page 70

A
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20
Q

The natural aligned spine is neither ____ or ______.

A

Straight or Flat

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21
Q

Because the natural, aligned spine is neither straight nor flat, instructors should use what words to describe the way the vertebrae should align.

Give 6 examples

A

1 - Natural
2 - Neutral
3 - Aligned
4 - Lengthened
5 - Tall
6 - Proud

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22
Q

LORDOSIS:

When standing in a tall and erect posture, all joints are in a _____ or ______ postition.

When someone’s pelvis tilts forward, this is called _________ and usually denotes an exaggerated lumbar curve called Lordosis. ( This is depicting incorrect posture)

Often, Lordosis occurs when the Lumbar extensors and hip flexors are either (list 3 ) while the hip extensors and abdominal muscles are in a lengthened positon or are weak relative to their functional antagonist, which are the hip flexors and lumbar extensors.

How can an individual help fix this?

A
  1. Neutral or Extended
  2. Pelvis Tilts Forward
  3. Hypertonic, tight or shortened
  4. Focus on strengthening their abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis and external obliques) and hip extensors (Gluteus maximus and hamstrings)
    + stretching the lumbar extensor and hip flexors
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23
Q

Excessive anterior curvature of the spine that typically occurs at the low back (may also occur at the neck)

A

Lordosis

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24
Q
  1. Having extreme muscular tension
  2. Having a solute concentration that is greater than the concentration of human blood
A

Hypertonic

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25
Q

When standing in a tall and erect posture (correct posture), all joints are in a _____ or ______ position.

A

Neutral or Extended

26
Q

Insert Graphic of Lordosis and Flat Back

A
27
Q

What are the two common postural deviations?

A

1 - Lordosis
2 - Flat Back

28
Q

A common postural deviation that occurs when the anterior lumbar curve is decreased,

A

Flat Back

29
Q

Unlike Lordosis, when a person presents with a flat back posture, the pelvis is rotated _________ which causes the lumbar spine to flatten.

A

1 - Posteriorly

30
Q

What is one way you can observe the change in lumbar spine alignment?

A

By standing with the back against a wall or when lying supine on the ground.

31
Q

When the pelvis is rotated posteriorly, the lumbar curve _______

When the pelvis is rotated anteriorly, the lumbar curve _______

A

decreases - flat back

increases - Lordosis

32
Q

What does ‘laying supine” mean?

A

Laying face up on your back

33
Q

Identify which Faulty postures are being displayed.

A

1 - Lordosis
2 - Flat Back

34
Q

Which Faulty Posture is being displayed?

A

Lordosis

35
Q

Which Faulty Posture is being displayed?

A

Flat Back

35
Q

Excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. Marked by rounding of the upper back + often accompanied by an anterior pelvic tilt.

A

Kyphosis

36
Q

Identify which Faulty postures are being displayed.

A

1 - Kyphosis
2 - Sway Back Posture

36
Q

Presents with an increase in the rounding of the thoracic spine along with forward head position and rounded shoulders but is accompanied by a posterior or backward pelvic tilt.

A

Sway Back Posture

37
Q

In both instances of Sway Back Posture + Kyphosis, individuals will likely need to do what to change this?

A

1) Strengthen the inhibited upper back extensors the scapular stabilizers that pull the shoulder blades back and

2) strengthen the the neck flexors

3) Stretch the anterior chest and shoulder muscles and neck extensors to address the increased posterior thoracic curve and forward head posistion

38
Q

Individuals presenting with Kyphosos and lordosis will need to also stretch the hip flexors and lumbar extensors and strengthen the inhibited hip extensors and abdominal muscles to address the anterior pelvic tilt.

A
39
Q

Go back to kyphosis and sway back posture - page 78

A
40
Q

Occurs when a participants spine has a lateral curvature or an “S” shape where the pelvis and shoulders appear uneven when looking at the from the front or back

A

Scoliosis

41
Q

When should someone with scoliosis be referred to an appropriate medical professional?

A

If the individual has pain and cannot assume a neutral spine position

42
Q

Flat, Sway Back, Kyhosis, Scoliosis, Lordosis

A

All of the Faulty Posture Examples reviewed in chapter

43
Q

Muscle imbalance and postural deviations can be attributed to many factors that are both correctible and non-correctible.

A
44
Q

Muscle imbalance and postural deviations can be attributed to many factors that are both correctible and non-correctible.

  • Correctible Factors?
A

Correctible:
1- Repetitive movements ( muscular pattern overload)
2 - Awkward positions and movements (habitually bad posture)
3 - Side dominance
4 - Lack of Joint Stability
5 - Lack of Join Mobility
6 - Imbalanced Muscular Training Programs

45
Q

Muscle imbalance and postural deviations can be attributed to many factors that are both correctible and non-correctible.

–Non correctible Factors?

A

1 - Congenital conditions (ie: scoliosis)
2 - Some pathologies (ie: rheumatoid arthritis)
3 - Structural Deviations (tibial or femoral torsion ot femoral anteversion)
4 - Certain types of trauma (surgery, injury, amputation)

45
Q

a congenital condition in which the femur is rotated inward

A

Femoral Anteversion

46
Q

GFI’s ROLE IN POSTURE:

GFIs must have an understanding of what neutral position of the spine and pelvis both look and feel like in a variety of positions.

GFIs must also understand the extremities or distal body parts, both look and feel like.

GFI’s must provide cues for for each of the major positions of the body

A
47
Q

Bilateral Standing - What Cue would you give participants?

A

Ankles under soft knees
Under Neutral Hips
Abdominal engaged
Shoulders Back and Down
Eyes forward with chin down

48
Q

Unilateral Standing - What cue would you give participants?

A

Ankles under soft knees,
under neutral hips,
abdominals engaged
shoulders back and down
eyes forward with chin down

49
Q

Kneeling (high or low) - What cue would you give participants?

A

Knees under hips,
abdominals engaged,
shoulders back and down,
Neutral spine, head and hips

50
Q

Quadruped (hands and knees positon) - What cue would you give participants?

A
  • Palms under gently fixed elbows below shoulders
  • Knees under hips
  • Neutral Spine, Head and Hips
  • Feet pointing in the same direction
  • Fingers pointing Forward
51
Q

Plank - What cue would you give participants?

A
  • Palms under gently flexed elbows under shoulders
  • Fingers pointing forward,
    -neutral spine, head and hips,
  • Feet pointing in the same direction
52
Q

Prone - Lying on Stomach - What cue would you give participants?

A

-Fix the gaze on the ground slightly ahead,
Feet pointing in the same direction

53
Q

Side bridge or Side Lying - What Cue would you give participants?

A

Neutral Spine and head
Supported on elbow or hand

54
Q

Supine - What cue would you give participants?

A

-Neutral spine, head and hips
-Often at least one knee flexed to support the spine

55
Q

Reverse Plank - What cue would you give participants?

A

-Neutral spine
- short or long lever legs,
- Palms or forearms on floor with fingers spread and pointing toward feet

56
Q

Seated - What cue would you give participants?

A

-Neutral spine,
-Knees Flexed or Extended

(this includes indoor cycling

57
Q
A

ACE GFI (13 decks)

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