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Health, Safety, & Environment > Chapter 3 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Flashcards

1
Q

What’s Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are equipment worn by operators and other personnel in the workplace to reduce the severity of exposure to potential hazards that might lead to accidents, injury and illnesses.

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2
Q

What does PPE protect the operators from?

A

PPE protect the operators from being exposed to physical, electrical, mechanical, chemical, radiological and other workplace hazards like falls, trips, slips etc.

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3
Q

What are common PPEs?

A

• safety helmet
• safety shoes
• ear plugs/ear muffs
• safety helmet attached with shield
• face shield
• nitrile gloves
• cotton gloves lather/ welding
• gloves
• safety harness apron
• safety mask
• safety glasses/goggles
• coveralls
• heat resistance suit
• self-contained breathing apparatus and similar others

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4
Q

How are PPE classified?

A

PPE are classified on the basis of the type of protection that they offer.

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5
Q

What are the PPE classifications?

A

Head protection
Eye protection
Hearing protection
Respiratory protection
Hand protection
Foot protection
Skin protection
While Working at Heights
And other specific PPE

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6
Q

Give examples for each PPE classification.

A

o Head Protection – Hard hats, Safety helmets
o Eye Protection –Safety glasses, Goggles, Face shields, Visors
o Hearing Protection – Ear plugs, Ear muffs
o Respiratory Protection - Masks, Respirators, Self-contained breathing apparatus
o Hand Protection – Gloves, Barrier creams
o Foot Protection - Safety shoes, Boots
o Skin Protection – Coveralls, Full body suits, Heat resistance suits, Apron
o While Working at Heights - Safety harness, Fall arresters
o Other Specific PPE – Sleeve protector, Finger guard for Sewing, Disposable clothing while working with chemicals and radiations, cold protective clothing for working near furnaces, Trousers pats and leather jackets for welding etc.

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7
Q

What are the 5 helmet requirement standards?

A

• EN397 standard (EU)
• UNECE Regulation 22.05 (EU)
• OSHA: 20 CFR 1910.135 (USA)
• OSHA: 29 CFR 1926.100 (USA)
• BS 6658:1985 (UK)

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8
Q

Who mandates the requirement of head protection in workplaces?

A

OSHA

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9
Q

Who’s responsibility to ensure that the workers head is protected by means of safety helmets and hard hats as per the regulations of the work environment?

A

The employer

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10
Q

Is wearing helmets optional for workers?

A

No, it’s compulsory.

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11
Q

What do helmet colour codes represent?

A

The worker’s responsibility

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12
Q

What are the main properties of safety helmets?

A

Resistance to penetration, shock absorption, heat, electrical and flammability

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13
Q

What are the helmet colour codes?

A

• White - for Managers, Engineers, Supervisors, and Foremen
• Blue - Electricians, Carpenters and other technical operators apart from civil workers
• Green - Safety Officers
• Red - Fire Fighters
• Yellow - Labourers
• Brown - Welders and workers with hight heat application
• Grey - Site Visitors

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14
Q

Who is in charge of providing safety shoes according to the OSHA standards?

A

The employers

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15
Q

What are the speciations of safety shoes?

A

• Leather upper part
• Oil resistant non-skid soles
• Electrical insulation
• Compression resistance rating of 75

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16
Q

What do safety shoes/boots protect from?

A

• Safety shoes protect the feet, especially the toes against the drop or fall of heavy objects. It will also offer good grip on the floor and prevents slipping.

• They also provide protection from penetrating or crushing, rolling equipment, electrical
hazards, hazardous materials, venomous snakes etc.

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17
Q

At what locations are safety shoes mandatory?

A

They are generally mandatory in most industries including manufacturing, welding,
automotive repairs, machine shop operations, construction sites, warehouses, landscaping etc.

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18
Q

What are the two main types of hearing protection mentioned?

A

Ear plugs and ear muffs

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19
Q

How do ear protection work?

A

They block the passage of sound to the ear drum, middle ear and inner ear.

20
Q

What are earplugs and earmuffs?

A

• Ear plugs are generally made from polyurethane foam and are disposable.
• Earmuffs are more rigid which covers the outer ear with protective cups consisting of acoustic seals made up of polyurethane foam and filled with sound absorbing materials.

21
Q

How is excessive noise harmful?

A

Excessive noise entering the human system affects the nervous systems, hampers the functioning of cochlea which in turn causes balancing problems of atmospherics pressure and inside pressure of the body and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).

22
Q

What is the threshold of decibels and duration of exposure that necessitates hearing protection according to OSHA standards?

A

More than 85 decibels on an 8 hour weighted average.

23
Q

Why are safety gloves essential?

A

Safety gloves are essential to protect the hands from getting exposed to hazardous chemicals and dangerous materials and infection and contamination that might occur as a result of that.

24
Q

On what basis are protective gloves selected?

A

Protective gloves are selected on the basis of: hazards involved, comfort required, degree of dexterity, need or ability to grip, temperature protection required etc.

25
Q

What is the type of gloves that offers protection against most of the hazardous chemicals and infectious agents?

A

Nitrile gloves.

26
Q

What is the standard governing the protection of hands of employees when they are exposed to hazards?

A

OSHA standard CFR 1910.138

27
Q

Discuss the following types of gloves:
• Latex (Natural rubber)
• Nitrile
• Butyl rubber
• Neoprene
• Norfoil

A

• Latex
- Material: Incidental contact
- Use: Good for biological and water-based materials.
Not for organic solvents and chemicals
Difficult to detect puncture holes
May cause allergy

• Nitrile
- Material: Incidental contact
- Use: Excellent general use glove
Good for solvents, oils, greases, and some acids and bases
Clear indication of tears and breaks
No allergies

• Butyl rubber
- Material: Incidental contact
- Use: Good for ketones and esters
Poor for gasoline and halogenated hydrocarbons.

• Neoprene
- Material: Incidental contact
- Use: Good for most hazardous chemicals including acids, bases, alcohols, fuels, peroxides, hydrocarbons, and phenols
Poor for balogenated hydrocarbons

• Norfoil
- Material: Extended contact
- Use: Good for most hazardous chemicals

28
Q

What are the following gloves used for?
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Stainless Steel | Kevlar | Leather
• Cryogenic Resistant Material - Leather

A

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- Good for acids, bases, oils, fats, peroxides, and amines
- Good resistance to abrasions
- Poor for most organic solvents

• Stainless Steel | Kevlar | Leather
- Cut-resistant gloves
- Good for biological or chemical contamination

• Cryogenic Resistant Material - Leather
- For use with cryogenic materials
- Designed to prevent frostbite

29
Q

What is Safety Harness?

A

Safety harness is a PPE that is provided to safeguard persons working at higher altitudes for the injury or other fatality that might result from falling from heights.

30
Q

Which OSHA standard covers the regulations for safety harness and fall protection?

A

OSHA standard 1910.140

31
Q

What are the four classes that safety harness is grouper into?

A

Class 1 - Body belts that is designed to restrict a person in falling from work positions and stops within 3 feet. This is generally attached to ladders, escape ropes etc.

Class 2 – Seat harness used generally for retrieving persons from deep holes, tanks etc.

Class 3 – Full body harness that is capable of arresting the most dangerous and severe fall.

Class 4 – Suspension belts used to suspend a worker for raising and lowering as in the case of a boatswain’s chair (normally used in glass pane cleaning of high-rise buildings

32
Q

What are the three different types of eye protection?

A

Safety spectacles, safety goggles, and face shields.

33
Q

Are safety glasses and prescription glasses the same?

A

No, safety glasses and prescription glasses are very much different safety glasses and can never be considered equivalent.

34
Q

Explain the use of safety spectacles, safety goggles, and face shields.

A

• Safety spectacles provide protection against low-energy projectiles like metal chips and scraps.
• Safety goggles offer protection against high-energy projectiles and dust.
• Face shields offer protection against high-energy projectiles and also different type of radiation.

35
Q

What are visors?

A

Visors are alternative equipment that is comparatively cost- effective and also have wire screens and heat-reflecting protections.

36
Q

How can you identify the standard quality of safety glass?

A

The standard quality of safety glass can be identified by running the fingers along the edges as tempered glass would be completely smooth without any scuffs or ridges.

37
Q

What are coveralls?

A

Protective clothing that provides protection against a wide range of hazards that include heat, cold, radiation, chemical attack abrasions, etc.

38
Q

What are protective outdoor and indoor garments made of?

A

Protective outer garments are generally made of PVC material and indoor garments like coveralls and coats are made up of cotton and polycotton.

39
Q

What are persons working in petroleum industries allowed to wear? And why?

A

They are allowed to wear only fabric made up of pure cotton, due to the static electric discharge of other materials.

40
Q

What is the main purpose of heat/flame resistance clothing?

A

The main purpose of heat-resistant or Flame-Resistant Clothing (FRC) offers protection against exposure to hydrocarbon flash fires.

41
Q

Where is head/flame resistance clothing mandatory?

A

In refineries, petrochemical industries, etc.

42
Q

Who should wear heat/flame resistant clothing?

A

1- Employees exposed to flames, electric arcs
2- employees operating over 600 volts, etc.

43
Q

What OSHA standard makes heat/flame resistant clothing mandatory?

A

OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.269.

44
Q

How does the Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) work?

A

It delivers air to the person wearing it from a cylinder which can be controlled by a valve into the full-face mask.

45
Q

Who uses SCBA?

A

Persons working in the heavy presence of dust, gases, and vapor, during a fire, smoke, and tunnels.

46
Q

What are the employers responsible and rights when it comes to industrial safety?

A

Employers responsibilities:
• Providing appropriate PPE of suitable quality and complying with OSHA standards.
• Providing employees with a workplace that isn’t likely to cause serious illness, injury, or other fatality.

Employers rights:
• The right to demand that their employees shall wear personal protective equipment.
• Most importantly, the right to expect all employees to work in a safe manner.

47
Q

What is the most important responsibility that employees must take?

A

To utilize the safety equipment and to abide by any and all health and safety regulations in the performance of their job duties.

Health, Safety, & Environment (9 decks)

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