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Health, Safety, & Environment > Chapter 1 - Introduction to Safety > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Safety Flashcards

1
Q

(Fill in the gaps)

……………. ……………. are highly essential for any successful business and manufacturing enterprises.

A

Healthy employees.

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2
Q

Who is safety aimed at?

A

Accident free work environment.

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3
Q

What do industrial accidents result in?

A
  1. Substantial loss of production time.
  2. Injuries that involve temporary or permanent disablement and even deaths.
  3. Damage to machineries, equipment, infrastructure, and other resources that adversely affects the profits and growth of the company as well.
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4
Q

How to control and eliminate industrial hazards?

A
  1. Identify the causes of industrial accidents
  2. Examine and analyze it
  3. Take necessary steps in controlling and eliminating them.
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5
Q

How is an accident caused?

A

An accident is caused due to the presence of an unsafe condition and an unsafe acts in the form of inappropriate behaviour.

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6
Q

What are some examples of unsafe conditions?

A

• Defective fittings
• Faulty equipment
• Inadequate maintenance
• Damaged electrical fitting & cables
• Use of defective tools
• Visibility issues and blind spots on gangways & aisles
• Poor layout design
• Improper guarding of machineries & rotating equipment
• Defective lifting machines & slings
• Unguarded pits & floor platforms
• Inadequacy of warnings
• Poor housekeeping

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7
Q

What are some examples of unsafe acts?

A

• Performing a task without being authorized
• Ignoring the warnings
• Misuse or not using safety devices
• Maintenance without lockout / tag out
• Improper material handling
• Waiting or taking rest below the lifting equipment and hung loads
• Over speeding while working
• Improper use or not using the personal protective equipment like helmet, shoes etc.
• Taking shortcuts while working
• Poor housekeeping
• Usage of defective equipment

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8
Q

What is the Domino Theory?

A

Domino Theory of causation of accidents states that all accidents whether inside or outside workplace are resulting from a chain of events.

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9
Q

Who developed the Domino Theory?

A

H W Heinrich.

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10
Q

(Fill in the gaps)

….% of workplace accidents result from unsafe acts.
….% occur due to unsafe conditions.
….% are resulted by natural calamities.

A

88%, 10%, 2%.

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11
Q

What are the four “Need to Safety” areas?

A

Social, Management, Legal and Humanitarian.

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12
Q

What is the social need to safety?

A

Social need is to eliminate or mitigate the damages that might result in terms of loss of earning capacity, sufferings etc.

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13
Q

What is the management need to safety?

A

Management need addresses the huge cost that result from accidents directly and indirectly that includes damage of equipment, medical expenses, compensation to the affected etc.

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14
Q

What is the legal need to safety?

A

Legal need is due to the statutes and laws by various governmental regulatory agencies.

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15
Q

What is the humanitarian need to safety?

A

Humanitarian need is basically intended for the prevention of occurrence of accidents.

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16
Q

What is “Occupational Health”?

A

Occupational health enables the individual in a workplace to undertake their work by getting minimum exposure to the unhealthy conditions and least harm to their health.

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17
Q

What are the two organizations that created occupational health policies?

A

International Labour Organization (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO).

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18
Q

What are the three main objectives of the occupational health policies that were created by ILO and WHO?

A
  1. Maintenance of workers’ health and their capacity.
  2. Improvement of working condition and work environment conducive to safety and health of people involved.
  3. Development of workplace so as to promote work cultures that aligns health and safety, increased efficiency, and positive social climate.
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19
Q

(Fill in the blanks)

……………. ……………. is a main factor in process industries like oil & Gas.

A

Process safety.

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20
Q

Why are robust processes highly necessary?

A

Due to the presence of potential risk elements in both the upstream and downstream industries.

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21
Q

What are the 4 process safety considerations?

A

• Handling of hazardous substances.
• Robustness in operating and maintenance practices.
• Release of energy and hazardous materials.
• Prevention of fires, explosions & accidents.

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22
Q

What is the focus of material safety?

A

Material safety focusses on receiving, storage, supply and handling of materials in general and hazardous chemicals and agents in particular.

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23
Q

What is Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?

A

A comprehensive document where all the potential hazards that may be related to the specific material and also states how it can be safely identified, stored, handled, symptoms of overexposure and emergency handling procedures.

24
Q

What does fire safety deal with?

A

• Types of fires
• Safe practices to be followed to prevent the occurrence fire
• Reduce the magnitude of destruction caused from fire
• Possible methods of controlling the fire from being spread
• Development of fire safety plans
• Training on fire safety
• Dealing with fire hazards

25
Q

What are the three Building and Structural Safety areas?

A

• Structural integrity and robustness of the building including elevators, HVAC systems, escalators, gas lines, electric cables, and circuit breakers etc.
• Prevention of accidents from falls from higher altitudes, structural safety and effects of earthquakes, cyclones, flooding etc.
• Protect the construction workers: working at height, handling of heavy material, using power tools, working with cranes, winches, hoists, working on scaffoldings, against noise, dust, vibrations and temperature etc.

26
Q

What are the three Building and Structural Safety areas?

A

• Structural integrity and robustness of the building.
• Prevention of accidents from falls from higher altitudes, structural safety and effects of earthquakes, cyclones, flooding etc.
• Protect the construction workers.

27
Q

What does structural integrity and robustness of the building include?

A

Elevators, HVAC systems, escalators, gas lines, electric cables, and circuit breakers etc.

28
Q

What does building and structural safety protect construction workers from?

A

• Working at height.
• Handling of heavy material
using power tools.
• Working with cranes, winches, hoists.
• Working on scaffoldings
• Protection against noise, dust, vibrations and temperature etc.

29
Q

What is environmental safety?

A

Environmental safety study, analyze and implement practical solutions for protecting the environment and assuring sustainability of environment and maintain a healthy occupation of the population.

30
Q

What are the Environmental Management Standards called? And what does it do?

A

ISO 14000, it assures sustainable developmental requirements.

31
Q

(Safety signs and colour coding) What does a yellow triangle mean? Give examples.

A

Meaning: Danger (Hurts you/Kills you), Warning, Be Aware, Be Careful.

Examples:
• Danger 22kV
• Caution wet floor
• Mind your step
• Evacuation site ahead
• Crane movement ahead

32
Q

(Safety signs and colour coding) What does a red circle mean? Give examples.

A

Meaning: Prohibited (Cannot Do), Never, Do Not, No

Examples:
No entry
No unauthorised persons
No smoking
Do not operate
No parking

33
Q

(Safety signs and colour coding) What does a blue circle mean? Give examples.

A

Meaning: Mandatory (Must Do), You Must Obey, Do this

Examples:
Safety helmets must be worn
Wear face mask
Pedestrian only
Ear protection must be worn
Hearing protection must be worn

34
Q

(Safety signs and colour coding) What does a green rectangle mean? Give examples.

A

Meaning: Emergency (Safety First), First Aid, Follow, Thos way, Escape Route

Examples:
Fire exit
First Aid Box
Emergency stop
Assembly point
Push bar to open

35
Q

(Safety signs and colour coding) What does a red rectangle mean? Give examples.

A

Meaning: Fire (Fire Equipment), Fire Alarm, Fire Extinguisher, Fire Equipment

Examples:
Fire alarm call point
Fire alarm control panel
For fire use only
Gas shut off valve

36
Q

What are HF, HSE, HSC, HSL shortcuts for?

A

• HF: Hazards Forum
• HSE: Health Safety and Environment
• HSC: Health and Safety Commission
• HSL: Health and Safety Laboratory

37
Q

Define Safety.

A

Freedom from undesirable risk of injury or damage or control over hazards and hazardous conditions

38
Q

Define Hazard.

A

Act, Source and Situation that might lead to injury, ill health, death, damage to property or a combination of all these.

39
Q

Define Risk.

A

Combination of the probability and severity of a hazardous or harmful event happening. Risk can be quantified as the product of probability of occurrence of an event and severity of the damage or destruction resulting from that event.

40
Q

Define Accident.

A

It is an event that has occurred unintentionally and is resulting in a damage, injury or fatality or combination of these

41
Q

Define Incident.

A

It is an event that has occurred unintentionally and may not result in damage, injury or fatality.

42
Q

Define Near Miss.

A

An unplanned event that did not result in damage, injury or fatality but could have done so. This might shake up the employees affect the morale of the people even though they are not injured.

43
Q

Define Reportable Injury.

A

If a person has encountered a sustained injury and is unable to report to his work within 48 hours of the accident, it is a reportable injury.

44
Q

Define Non-Compliance.

A

Any deviation from the accepted practices, operating procedures, standards, management requirements etc. that could directly or indirectly result in damage, injury, illness, fatality, damage of capital assets, loss of property or combination of these.

45
Q

What topics does Electrical Safety discuss?

A

• Hazards of electricity
• Science of electrical hazards
• List of various electrical safety equipment
• Safe procedures while working with electricity
• Grounding of electrical equipment
• Electrical maintenance
• Legal and regulatory standards
• Rescue and first aid in case of electrical accidents

46
Q

Define OSHA.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the regulatory agency, established to assure the safety and healthy working condition of industrial workers by means of enforcing standards, training, outreach programs etc.

47
Q

Define ISO 14000.

A

It is an environmental management system that covers of necessary requirements of accomplishing sustainable environment objectives while performing the entire business from manufacturing, distribution, product disposal and treatment of effluents.

48
Q

Define Safety Audit.

A

Assessment of health and safety program to ensure the compliance of safe practices as documented and is carried out for specific locations and centers by a trained and authorized professional.

49
Q

Define PPE.

A

Personal Protective Equipment is an equipment worn by the operator in the workplace with an objective to minimize the exposure to hazards and reduce the effects of injuries that might occur.

50
Q

Define Policy.

A

A statement of corporate intent, which will be adopted and pursued as advantageous or expedient

51
Q

Define Hazmat.

A

Hazardous materials that may pose risk to health or environment such as toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, fuels etc.

52
Q

Define Danger (b).

A

A state or condition in which personal injury and/or asset damage is reasonably foreseeable. The presence of a hazard.

53
Q

What is RBI shortcut for?

A

Risk Based Inspection.

54
Q

What are the three major pillars of any manufacturing enterprises?

A

Safety, Productivity and Quality

55
Q

What is the most important resource of an organization?

A

Human resource.

Health, Safety, & Environment (9 decks)

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