chapter 3 (part 2) Flashcards
What is the purpose of the frontal lobe?
Decision making (anterior and frontal part)
Movement (posterior and back part)
What is the purpose of the parietal lobe?
preforms calculations
receives info from the occipital lobe
attention and location of objects
What is the purpose of the temporal lobe?
Forming memories
Process hearing from auditory nerves
What is one area in the left temporal lobe and what is its purposes?
Wernicke’s area: where sound is perceived
What is the postcentral gyrus?
Anterior (frontal) region of the parietal lobe where touch is processed
What is the purpose of the Medulla Oblongata?
Controls unvoluntary actions
What two parts of the brain are important for basic life functions?
a) medulla and pons
b) medulla and temporal lobe
c) medulla and parietal lobe
d) medulla and the neocortex
a) medulla and pons
What do pons do?
-receives info from the medulla
-Regulates levels of excitement/energy
-Controls facial expression and eye movements
-Allows the vestibulocochlear nerve to enter the brain which regulates balance and coordination
What is the Reticular activating system?
-Network of neurons in the center of the medulla and pons
-Bridges body-brain
Filters out irrelevant stimuli
What are the two things the RAS (reticular activating system) helps to regulate?
- Level of arousal
- What you are focusing on
What are “ the coordinators”?
Limbic sys, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.
They modify actions and thought
What is the limbic system?
includes the; prefrontal cortex, olfactory cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, and the hypothalamus
What does the amygdala do?
- Regulates emotions
- Releases norepinephrine (adrenalin) during fight or flight responses
- Forms memories tied to strong emotions
What does the hippocampus do?
Forms new memories
What does the cingulate gyrus do?
Makes us focus on things that are unpleasant
What does the hypothalamus do?
- Controls functions in the autonomic and endocrine system
- regulates homeostasis
What part of the group of neurons helps to coordinate movement before reaching the spinal cord
The basal ganglia
What are the 5 parts of the basal ganglia?
- Dorsal striatum (input)
- Ventral striatum (synapse with axons from the limbic system)
- Globus pallidus (send inhibitory outputs to the thalamus to help integrate sensory and motor information)
- substantia nigra
- subthalamic nucleus
What does the cerebellum do?
helps coordinate movement and problem solving
What are the three major divisions of the cerebellum and what do they do?
- Spinocerebellar: helps to fine tune movement patterns
- Vestibulocerebellar: Processes info from the inner ear to help adjust posture and balance
- Cerebrocerebellar: Manages connections with the pons and thalamus to adjust the timing of planning of movements
What does the thalamus do?
- Helps to associate sense with emotion
- All senses except for smell need to pass through the thalamus in order for a message to be relayed to the neocortex to take further action
What does the neocortex do and what are the four main sections?
Governs personality, context and decision making.
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Occipital lobe
4. Temporal lobe
What determines the look of the neocortex?
a) cerebellum
b) gyri, sulci and fissures
c) thalamus and cerebellum
d) basal ganglia
b) gyri, sulci and fissures
What does the association cortex do?
Helps us make sense of what we take in for direct sensory experience.
What are the four parts of the frontal lobes and what do they do?
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: controls working memory
- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex: regulate fear based behavior
- Corticobulbar: carries commands to facial muscles
- Corticospinal: carries commands to the muscle and body
What do the occipital lobes do?
Process light stimuli
What does the phare “brain laterality” mean?
Means that one side of the brain preforms different functions from the other
What does the corpus callocum do?
Connects the two brain regions
What does the endocrine system do?
Release hormones
What does the pituitary gland do?
secretes a host of hormones that affect sexual behavior, reproduction, circulatory function, hunger, and responses to aggression
