Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is rationalism?
Belief that logic, reason and argument is how knowledge is gained
What was hot blood thought to be
Emotion, passionate blood
What was cool blood thought to be?
Logical rational blood.
Why is rationalism not a current focus of psychology?
We are often wrong about our perception of ourselves
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Find a problem
- Gather information
- Generate a hypothesis
- Design and conduct an experiment
- Analyze data and draw conclusions
- Restart with new data
What is a descriptive method?
Means to capture, record, or describe a group
What is naturalistic observation?
Observing a subjects behavior in its natural environment without controlling or manipulating the variables of research.
What are field experiments?
Manipulate experimental variables in a real world setting
What are the disadvantages of naturalistic observation?
no control over variables
more susceptible to personal bias on the researchers behalf
What is an observations role?
Getting questions to study
What is participant observation?
Becoming part of the group to observe
What are limitations of participant observation?
- may not be natural (hawthorne effect)
- biases may form
What is episodic memory?
Re experience moments from one’s personal past
What is semantic memory?
General information not tied to a specific experience. ex: knowing that grass is green
What are procedural memories?
how something is done, knowing how to ride a bike, or walk
What is response bias?
tendency of people to answer a question the way they feel they should based on who is asking and not how they actually think
What is Acquiescent response bias?
The tendency for participants to say yes to all questions
What is socially desirable bias
Tendency of participants to respond based on how they feel is accepted by others
What is Illusory superior?
The tendency to rate our abilities as higher than others
What is volunteer bias?
The tendency for people to only participate in surveys they care about
What is internal validity?
The extent of a piece of evidence to support a claim in a particular study or experiment
What is situational vulnerability?
When a participants freedom of choice is comprised by the environment, ex: by participating in this study your grandma will get the medication that will cure her illness (the person cannot get this medication by normal means)
