chapter 1 Flashcards
what is empiricism
belief that human minds start as pre blank states and development is due to personal experience and circumstance
What is Nativism?
Humans are born with some knowledge to some degree
What is Phrenology?
pseudoscience study that the shape of the skull can influence personality and control behavior
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
He was the first psychologist and was considered the father of psychology
What is Structuralism?
Belief that psychology and experience could be broken down into constituent basic parts
Who was William James?
American father of psychology
What is functionalism?
Belief that psychologists must first understand the function and purpose of behavior to know how the parts work together
What was Gestalt Psychology?
The study of how people perceived a single experience out of a chaotic and messy web of different sensations
Ex: seeing a face out of 5 holes, teeth, hair, pores etc.
What is behaviorism?
Belief that only objective behavior should be studied in psychology and to not focus on subjective experience
What was one type of psychology that changed how people perceived psychology?
a) Behaviorism
b) Animal psychology
c) Nativism
d) Gestalt psychology
b) Animal psychology
Who proposed that psychology should focus on observable behavior and not on emotions etc.?
a) Wilhem Wundt
b) William James
c) John b Watson
John B Watson
What is Eugenics?
Idea that we should take control of human evolution and artificially control our breeding
What two factors is behavior based on?
Circumstance and environment
What is humanism?
Humans make their own choices
What is the meaning of “cognitive”?
Understanding the mental process that controls things like memory or perception etc.
What is the meaning of “behavioral”?
Measuring behavior in precise ways and linking it to the cognition that underlies it
What is neuroscience?
understanding the way the brain works, the diff parts, and what they do
What is psychoanalysis?
Form of psychotherapy that helps patients better understand their subconscious thoughts
What did psychotherapy influence in psychology?
Since this idea was widely rejected, Humanism was made as a more optimistic motive and states that humans can make their own decisions.
What does humanism focus on?
Creativity, choice, growth and positive change.
What is an Eclectic Approach?
Picking the right therapy techniques given the circumstances
what are levels of explanation?
States that there are different explanations for a phenomenon that can complement one another
What is an ultimate explanation?
Explaining behavior, traits, or mental processes by looking at its role in evolution. Ie: babies cry to signal for help to their care givers
What is a proximate explanation?
Describe the cause of a psychological phenomenon in purely psychological terms. Ie: babies crying bc they are sad
Functional explanations
A proximate explanation that looks at the problem behind that mental or psychical problem
Process oriented explanation
Type of proximate explanation that focuses on how a specific mental or psychical process directly explains a trait or behavior
