chapter 1

Question 1

what is empiricism

Answer 1

belief that human minds start as pre blank states and development is due to personal experience and circumstance

Question 2

What is Nativism?

Answer 2

Humans are born with some knowledge to some degree

Question 3

What is Phrenology?

Answer 3

pseudoscience study that the shape of the skull can influence personality and control behavior

Question 4

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

Answer 4

He was the first psychologist and was considered the father of psychology

Question 5

What is Structuralism?

Answer 5

Belief that psychology and experience could be broken down into constituent basic parts

Question 6

Who was William James?

Answer 6

American father of psychology

Question 7

What is functionalism?

Answer 7

Belief that psychologists must first understand the function and purpose of behavior to know how the parts work together

Question 8

What was Gestalt Psychology?

Answer 8

The study of how people perceived a single experience out of a chaotic and messy web of different sensations
Ex: seeing a face out of 5 holes, teeth, hair, pores etc.

Question 9

What is behaviorism?

Answer 9

Belief that only objective behavior should be studied in psychology and to not focus on subjective experience

Question 10

What was one type of psychology that changed how people perceived psychology?
a) Behaviorism
b) Animal psychology
c) Nativism
d) Gestalt psychology

Answer 10

b) Animal psychology

Question 11

Who proposed that psychology should focus on observable behavior and not on emotions etc.?
a) Wilhem Wundt
b) William James
c) John b Watson

Answer 11

John B Watson

Question 12

What is Eugenics?

Answer 12

Idea that we should take control of human evolution and artificially control our breeding

Question 13

What two factors is behavior based on?

Answer 13

Circumstance and environment

Question 14

What is humanism?

Answer 14

Humans make their own choices

Question 15

What is the meaning of “cognitive”?

Answer 15

Understanding the mental process that controls things like memory or perception etc.

Question 16

What is the meaning of “behavioral”?

Answer 16

Measuring behavior in precise ways and linking it to the cognition that underlies it

Question 17

What is neuroscience?

Answer 17

understanding the way the brain works, the diff parts, and what they do

Question 18

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 18

Form of psychotherapy that helps patients better understand their subconscious thoughts

Question 19

What did psychotherapy influence in psychology?

Answer 19

Since this idea was widely rejected, Humanism was made as a more optimistic motive and states that humans can make their own decisions.

Question 20

What does humanism focus on?

Answer 20

Creativity, choice, growth and positive change.

Question 21

What is an Eclectic Approach?

Answer 21

Picking the right therapy techniques given the circumstances

Question 22

what are levels of explanation?

Answer 22

States that there are different explanations for a phenomenon that can complement one another

Question 23

What is an ultimate explanation?

Answer 23

Explaining behavior, traits, or mental processes by looking at its role in evolution. Ie: babies cry to signal for help to their care givers

Question 24

What is a proximate explanation?

Answer 24

Describe the cause of a psychological phenomenon in purely psychological terms. Ie: babies crying bc they are sad

Question 25

Functional explanations

Answer 25

A proximate explanation that looks at the problem behind that mental or psychical problem

Question 26

Process oriented explanation

Answer 26

Type of proximate explanation that focuses on how a specific mental or psychical process directly explains a trait or behavior