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anatomy exam 1 > chapter 3 (part 2) > Flashcards

chapter 3 (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Bulk transport out of the cell.

A

Exocytosis

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2
Q

Exocytosis happens via secretion from the ___ ___.

A

golgi apparatus

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3
Q

Listed below are examples of ___.

Neurotransmitters being released from neurons

Secretion of insulin

A

exocytosis

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4
Q

___ is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm including important ions and molecules.

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

___ are little organs with separate metabolic functions.

A

Oragnelles

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6
Q

What are the four characteristics of the nucleus?

A

Bilayered nuclear envelope

Nuclear pores

Chromatin

Nucleolus

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7
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pores?

A

Regulate passage of mRNA and other molecules

Nuclear pores are a form of protein channels and are selectively permeable.

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8
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Noncondensed chromosomes

DNA and histone proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

The site of ribosome synthesis

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10
Q

The nucleus is the control center for cell ___.

A

metabolism

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11
Q

___ are dense, granular structures and made of rRNA.

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

___ ribosomes are usually poly ribosomes.

A

Free

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13
Q

What do free ribosomes make?

A

Proteins for to use for its home cell.

ex: enzymes

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14
Q

___ ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Attached

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15
Q

What do attached ribosomes make?

A

Proteins to be exported and used by other cells.

ex: insulin hormone

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16
Q

Name the organelle these functions describe:

Transport system
Tubular canals
Continuous with the nuclear envelope
Branches through the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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17
Q

The ____ has no ribosomes and its function is dependent on the location and tissue type.

A

Smooth ER

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18
Q

SER in the testes and ovaries make ___.

A

steroids

ex: testosterone and estrogen

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19
Q

SER in hepatocytes make ____.

A

liver enzymes to detox blood

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20
Q

SER in myocytes store ___.

A

Ca2+ for muscle contraction

21
Q

The RER accepts ___ and transports them to the ___ ___ .

A

proteins

golgi apparatus

22
Q

What must be present on a ribosome to attach to the RER?

A

A specific 20 amino acid signal sequence.

23
Q

The ribosome is guided to the correct RER site by a ___.

A

signal recognition particle

24
Q

As the protein is synthesized on the attached ribosome it is (held/released) in the RER, then (transported/remains) as a (protein/transport vesicle)

A

released

transported

transport vesicle

25
Q

Name the organelle:

Flattened membrane sacs
Cis and trans face

A

Golgi Apparatus

26
Q

Organelle function is to package and distrubute

A

Golgi Apparatus

27
Q

The ___ face of the golgi receives substances.

A

cis

Received substances can be modified by cleaving amino acids or adding carbohydrate chains

Face closest to the nuclear envelope.

28
Q

The ___ face of the golgi packages vesicles that are ready for exocytosis.

A

trans

This is the face closest to the cell mambrane

29
Q

Lysosomes are formed by ___ ___.

A

golgi apparatus

30
Q

Lysosomes contain ___ ___.

A

hydrolytic enzymes

31
Q

The process of recycling organic material back into monomers.

A

Autophagy

ex: webbed hands into separate fingers (lysosomes responsible)

32
Q

Site of cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

carbs, fats, protein + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP (energy)

33
Q

Mitochondria is ___. Meaning it has its own DNA, can make its own proteins, and divides on its own.

A

semiautonomous

34
Q

Name the 3 important structural features of mitochondria.

A

Double membrane (both bilayers)

Intermembrane space (no cytoplasmic enzymes)

Matrix: interior with cristae (shelves) for ETC

35
Q

Name the organelle:

Thin proteins radiate from nucleus to plasma membrane

Microtubules/microfilaments/intermediate filaments

Network for cell shape/movement

A

Cytoskeleton

Some cytoskeletal elements are considered attachment protiens.

36
Q

Myocyte contraction using actin and myosin is made possible because of the ____.

A

cytoskeleton

37
Q

Centrosomes are clusters of ___.
They generate spindles used in ___ ___.

A

centrioles

cell division

38
Q

Cilia are (long/short).
Cilia come in (many/few) amounts

Name the function of cilia.

A

short

many

To filter and increase surface area

39
Q

Flagella are (long/short)
Flagella come in (many/few)

What is the function of flagella?

A

Long
few (usually just one)

Moment and propulsion

ex: sperm

40
Q

Microvilli are used for ___ ___ ___ and absorption.

A

increased surface area

ex: kidney tubules

41
Q

___ ___ is the process by which DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated to protein.

A

Protein synthesis

42
Q

The sequence of nucleotides which generate unique polypeptides.

A

Gene

43
Q

___ are triplet codes.

A

Codons

44
Q

___ is the formation of mRNA from DNA.

A

Transcription

45
Q

mRNA travels from the ___ to the ribosome.

A

nucleus

46
Q

___ is polypeptide construction at the ribosome (includes rRNA).

A

Translation

47
Q

____ brings amino acids to complement mRNA.

A

tRNA

48
Q

Name the four DNA bases

A

A/T G/C

anatomy exam 1 (6 decks)

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