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anatomy exam 1 > chapter 2 (part 2) > Flashcards

chapter 2 (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of buffers?

A

To minimize change in pH.

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2
Q

Buffers are ___.

A

reversible

Absorb H+ when the H+ levels are too high (acidic).

Release H+ when the H+ levels are too low (basic).

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3
Q

What is the proper pH of the blood?

A

7.4

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4
Q

The bicarbonate buffer system is maintained by the ___ and the ___.

A

kidneys, lungs

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5
Q

___ + H+ = CO2 + H2O

A

HCO3-

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6
Q

HCO3- + H+ = ___ + H2O

A

CO2

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7
Q

When the pH is too low, the ___ help by making CO2 and H2O.

A

lungs

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8
Q

When the pH is too high, the ___ help by making HCO3- and H+.

A

kidneys

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9
Q

___ are units, small molecules.

A

monomers

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10
Q

___ are made from monomers using dehydration synthesis.

A

Polymers

H2O is formed

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11
Q

Breaking down polymers using water.

A

Hydrolysis

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12
Q

Carbohydrate monomer

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

5 carbon sugar

A

pentose
example: ribose

ribose is found in RNA

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14
Q

6 carbon sugar

A

hexose

ex: glucose, primary energy source

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15
Q

Covalent bond between sugars

A

Glycosidic bond

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16
Q

Glucose + fructose =

A

Sucrose

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17
Q

Name the enzyme needed for this reaction:
sucrose = Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrase

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18
Q

Glucose + Glucose =

A

Maltose

Beer

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19
Q

Name the enzyme needed for this reaction:
Maltose= Glucose + Glucose

A

Maltase

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20
Q

Galactose + Glucose =

A

Lactose

Milk

21
Q

Name the enzyme needed for this reaction:
Lactose = Galactose + Glucose

A

Lactase

22
Q

Polysaccharides are used for ___.

A

storage

23
Q

__ is the glucose storage form in plants.

A

Starch

24
Q

___ is the glucose storage form in animals.

A

Glycogen

25
Q

Glycogen is found in these two main sites.

A

hepatocytes (liver cells)

myocytes (muscle cells)

26
Q

___ is the polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

A

Cellulose

27
Q

Why can’t we digest cellulose?

A

Don’t have necessary enzyme

Different glycosidic bond pattern

Ruminants with specific bacteria can digest cellulose.

28
Q

Lipids are also known as ___.

Lipids

A

fats

29
Q

Triglyceride bonding pattern.

Lipids

A

3 ester bonds between fatty acids and glycerol

30
Q

___ are the most abundant lipids in the body.

Lipids

A

Triglycerides

31
Q

___ are made of excess dietary carbs, proteins, fats, and oils.

Lipids

A

Triglycerides

32
Q

___ are stored in the adipose tissue.

Lipids

A

Triglycerides

33
Q

glycerol + 3 fatty acids = ___ + ___.

Lipids

A

triglyceride

3 H2O

34
Q

A 3 carbon alcohol

`

Lipids

A

glycerol

35
Q

___ means there are no double bonds in a fatty acid chain.

Lipids

A

Saturated

36
Q

What is an example of a saturated fatty acid?

Lipids

A

Palmitic acid found in bacon grease.

Soild at room temperature

37
Q

___ means there are double bonds found in a fatty acid chain.

Lipids

A

Unsaturated

38
Q

What is an example of unsaturated fatty acids?

Lipids

A

Oleic acid found in olive oil.

Liquid at room temperature

39
Q

What is an example of a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Lipids

A

Linoleic acid found in sunflower and corn oil.

40
Q

Why does atherosclerosis happen?

Lipids

A

Build up of saturated fats and cholesterol on walls of blood vessels.

41
Q

What is the distinguishing factor of a phospholipid?

Lipids

A

They have a PO4 group in place of ONE of the fatty acids.

42
Q

___ have a cholesterol backbone.

Lipids

A

Steroids

43
Q

Many _ function as hormones.

Lipids

A

steroids

44
Q

Name 5 steriods

Lipids

A

Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Alsosterone
Cortisol

45
Q

Why can steroids enter the cell directly?

Lipids

A

They are extremely nonpolar.

46
Q

Fragments of fatty acids that function as signal molecules for body responses.

Lipids

A

Eicosanoids

47
Q

___ are derived from the cell membrane.

Lipids

A

Eicosanoids

48
Q

What are 2 examples of eicosanoids?

Lipids

A

Prostaglandins (pyrogenic) and leukotrienes (allergies)

Pyrogenic: fever

49
Q
A

anatomy exam 1 (6 decks)

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