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anatomy exam 1 > Chapter 3 (part 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

____ comprise majority of bilayer

A

Phospholipids

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2
Q

_____ water liking, polar “heads”

A

Hydrophilic

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3
Q

____water hating, nonpolar “tails”

A

Hydrophobic

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4
Q

_____ have carbohydrate chains and are used for cell to cell recognition

A

Glycolipids

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5
Q

______ is made of fused rings and decreases packaging of phospholipids to increase membrane fluidity,

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

___ proteins are usually used for lipid insoluble substances.

A

Transport

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7
Q

___ proteins are hydrophilic tunnels.

They are basically straws.

A

Channel

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8
Q

Aquaporins are an example of ___ proteins

A

channel

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9
Q

____ proteins bind and physically move substances.

They are straws that change shape.

A

Carrier

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10
Q

Glucose carrier proteins are an example of ____ proteins.

A

carrier

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11
Q

___ proteins change shape to bind specific molecules.

A

Receptor

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12
Q

Insulin receptors are examples of ____ proteins.

A

receptor

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13
Q

Cytoskeletal and the extracellular matrix are examples of ___ proteins.

A

attachment

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14
Q

Cadherins and integrins are examples of ___ proteins.

A

attachment

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15
Q

____ and ___ are examples of attachment proteins.

A

Cadherins, integrins

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16
Q

____ catalyze reactions.

A

enzymes

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17
Q

Name the enzyme needed to catalyze this reaction:

Lactose ____ Glucose + galactose

A

Lactase

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18
Q

Glycoproteins are used for ____.

A

cell-to-cell recognition

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19
Q

___ are used for cell-to-cell recognition.

They are important in recognition of tissues/organs and autoimmune disorders.

A

Glycoproteins

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20
Q

____ ____ block molecules from getting between cells.

A

Tight junctions

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21
Q

____ prevent tissues and organs from sustaining mechanical damage

A

Desmosomes

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22
Q

___ ___ are connecting channels made of connexons.

They allow for exchange of ions and communication.

A

Gap junctions

23
Q

______ is the limiting factor of crossing the membrane.

A

Permeability

Nonpolar items can cross the membrane without help.

Polar items need help (proteins) to cross the membrane.

24
Q

The degree to which a membrane can be penetrated by a substance.

A

Permeability

25
Q

The cell membrane is ____ permeable.

A

selectively

26
Q

The tendency for molecules to spread out

A

Diffusion

27
Q

Molecules move from an area of greater to lesser concentration until equally distributed.

A

The Law of Diffusion

28
Q

During diffusion, there is continual movement ___ from a concentrated source.

A

away

29
Q

Is ATP needed to move these molecules?

O2, CO2, lipid soluble vitamins

A

No ATP needed. These are lipid soluble molecules.

30
Q

Is ATP needed to move these molecules?

NA+Cl-, glucose

A

ATP or channel proteins are need to move these.

31
Q

Use of protein carriers or channels to transport molecules.

A

Facilitated diffusion

32
Q

Which is faster: simple or facilitated diffusion?

A

facilitated diffusion

33
Q

Define cysteinuria

A

Lack of cysteine carriers

34
Q

What is the result of cysteinuria?

A

kidney stones

35
Q

Net movement of H2O molecules from region of greater to lesser concentration.

A

Osmosis

36
Q

What is the term for water attracting ability?

A

Osmotic pressure

37
Q

Same concentration of particles (solutes) as cell fluid.

A

Isotonicity

38
Q

What is the proper solution concentration for IV saline fluid?

A

0.9% NaCl

39
Q

Greater concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside

Where will the water go?

A

Hypertonicity

Water moves out of the cell (cell crenation/shrinks)

40
Q

Greater concentration of solutes on the inside than the outside.

Where will the water go?

A

Hypotonicity

Water moves into the cell (cell hemolysis/swells then bursts)

41
Q

____ transport requires ATP

A

Active

42
Q

What is the goal of active transport?

A

To move things from low to high concentration.

Moving items against a concentration gradient.

43
Q

What is an important example of active transport?

A

Na+/K+/ATPase Pump

44
Q

What is net movement of ions in the Na/K pump?

A

2 K into the cell. 3 Na out of the cell.

45
Q

What is the function of the Na/K pump?

A

Uphold electrochemical gradient and membrane potential.

46
Q

Define bulk transport.

Does bulk transport require ATP?

A

Movement of large molecules or quantities across cell membrane.

Bulk transport requires ATP

47
Q

Endocytosis

A

Bulk transport into the cell.

48
Q

Cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

Ex: macrophages (WBC)

49
Q

Cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

Ex: nonspecific absorption of fluids and H2O

50
Q

____ ____ endocytosis is very (nonspecific/specific) and requires (few/many) receptors to be activated.

A

Receptor mediated

specific

many

51
Q

Coated pits are groups of ___ ___.

The coating process uses the protein ____.

Cell membrane protein receptors ___ to signal molecule.

The coated vesicle then ___.

A

receptor sites

clathrin

bind

detaches

52
Q

___ is essential to making steroids, and usually low in concentration inside the cell.

A

Cholesterol

53
Q

Define hypercholesterolemia.

What is the result of hypercholesterolemia?

A

Lack of cholesterol receptors in cell membrane.

Low to no cholesterol uptake.

Cholesterol stays in blood leading to high cholesterol levels (regardless of diet).

anatomy exam 1 (6 decks)

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