Chapter 3 Organic Molecules Flashcards
Organic Chemistry
The chemistry of living organisms
Non-organic Chemistry
Chemistry of non living matter
Four classes of Biomolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (based on carbon atoms)
Carbon Skeleton:
The carbon chain of an organic molecule (otherwise known as the backbone)
Functional Group Definiton:
specific combination of bonded atoms that always react in the same way, regardless of the carbon skeleton attached.
Functional Groups determine…
polarity of organic molecule and the types of reactions it can undergo
Isomer Definition
Identical molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms (variations in structure)
polymers of biomolecules
Constructed by linking together a large number of the same type of subunit.
Monomers
Subunits that bond together, able to create long polymers
Dehydration Reaction
Synthesizes/builds the macromolecule. Equivalent of a water molecule is removed, causing subunits to join. Water molecules are formed as biomolecules are synthesized.
Hydrolysis Reaction
Breaks down biomolecules. Water is added and is attached to the subunits, causing them to break down.
Monosaccharides Definition
A single sugar molecule aka simple sugar. Can have three up to seven carbons (pentoses have 5, hexoses have 6)`
Ribose and Deoxyribose
Pentose sugars that make up the structural backbone of RNA and DNA
Disaccharide Definition
Two monosaccharides that have joined due to dehydration reaction. (ex, sucrose)
Polysaccharides Definition
Long polymers of monosaccharides that can sometimes be used as short-term energy storage. not soluble
