Basic Chemistry - Chapter 2 Flashcards
Definition of matter:
Anything that takes up space and has mass (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma)
95% of organism’s body weight could be made up of:
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
Protons are:
positively charged (+), in the nucleus
Electrons are:
negatively charged (-), move around nucleus
Neutrons are:
Uncharged / Neutral, in the nucleus
Atomic Number
Number of protons in nucleus
Mass Number
Sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus
Atomic Mass
Average mass for all isotopes of atom
Isotope Definition:
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons (Carbon 12, carbon 13, carbon 14)
Molecule Definition:
Two or more of the same type of atoms bond together
Compound Definition:
A molecule containing atoms of at least two different elements (H2O, NaCl)
Ion Definition:
Charged particles from an electron transfer
Ionic Bond:
An attraction between negatively and positively charged ions (ionic compounds are held together by this)
Nonpolar covalent bond is:
Sharing of electrons between two atoms is equal
Polar covalent bond is:
Electrons not shared equally
Water molecules are:
polar, the oxygen atom is more electronegative
Hydrogen Bond:
caused by attraction of slight positive hydrogen to a slight negative atom around (weakest)
Properties of water:
High heat capacity, high heat evaporation, solvent, cohesive & adhesive, frozen is less dense
Water Solvent:
Dissolves a number of substances, esp. those that are polar.
Water Cohesion and adhesion:
Co: the sticking together of particles of the same substance.
Ad: Different molecules bonding
Valence Shell:
Outermost shell of an atom, most stable with 8 electrons (octet rule)
