Basic Chemistry - Chapter 2

Question 1

Definition of matter:

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma)

Question 2

95% of organism’s body weight could be made up of:

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Question 3

Protons are:

Answer 3

positively charged (+), in the nucleus

Question 4

Electrons are:

Answer 4

negatively charged (-), move around nucleus

Question 5

Neutrons are:

Answer 5

Uncharged / Neutral, in the nucleus

Question 6

Atomic Number

Answer 6

Number of protons in nucleus

Question 7

Mass Number

Answer 7

Sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Question 8

Atomic Mass

Answer 8

Average mass for all isotopes of atom

Question 9

Isotope Definition:

Answer 9

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons (Carbon 12, carbon 13, carbon 14)

Question 10

Molecule Definition:

Answer 10

Two or more of the same type of atoms bond together

Question 11

Compound Definition:

Answer 11

A molecule containing atoms of at least two different elements (H2O, NaCl)

Question 12

Ion Definition:

Answer 12

Charged particles from an electron transfer

Question 13

Ionic Bond:

Answer 13

An attraction between negatively and positively charged ions (ionic compounds are held together by this)

Question 14

Nonpolar covalent bond is:

Answer 14

Sharing of electrons between two atoms is equal

Question 15

Polar covalent bond is:

Answer 15

Electrons not shared equally

Question 16

Water molecules are:

Answer 16

polar, the oxygen atom is more electronegative

Question 17

Hydrogen Bond:

Answer 17

caused by attraction of slight positive hydrogen to a slight negative atom around (weakest)

Question 18

Properties of water:

Answer 18

High heat capacity, high heat evaporation, solvent, cohesive & adhesive, frozen is less dense

Question 19

Water Solvent:

Answer 19

Dissolves a number of substances, esp. those that are polar.

Question 20

Water Cohesion and adhesion:

Answer 20

Co: the sticking together of particles of the same substance.
Ad: Different molecules bonding

Question 21

Valence Shell:

Answer 21

Outermost shell of an atom, most stable with 8 electrons (octet rule)