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Sport Psychology > chapter 3 notes > Flashcards

chapter 3 notes Flashcards

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1
Q

global self-confidence

A

more of a personality trait or disposition

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2
Q

situation specific self confidence

A

truly believes that she can make her free throws when the game is on the line

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3
Q

bandora define self efficacy as

A

belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments

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4
Q

bandora proposed four fundamental elements effective in developing self-efficacy

A
  1. successful performance
  2. vicarious experience
  3. verbal persuasion
  4. emotional arousal
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5
Q

successful performance

A

experiencing success to develop self-efficacy

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6
Q

vicarious experience and involves

A

beginning athletes can experience success through the use of models or also called

  1. observational learning
  2. participatory modeling
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7
Q

participatory modeling

A

the learner first observes a model perform a task. then the model or instructor assists the subject in successfully performing the task

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8
Q

observational learning may be measured with the functions of observational learning questionnaire (FOLQ)

A

t

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9
Q

the FOLQ measures three functions of observational learning including

A
  1. skill
  2. strategy
  3. performance
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10
Q

observational learning are both facilitated by decreased age and increased skill level

A

this suggests that age and skill level of the athlete influence the effectiveness of observational learning

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11
Q

verbal persuasion

A

usually comes in the form of encouragement from the coach, parents, or peers

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12
Q

emotional arousal

A

emotional and psychological arousal are factors that can influence readiness for learning

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13
Q

self efficacy is a stronger predictor of subsequent performance than even past performance

A

t

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14
Q

the most effective strategies for enhancing self efficacy are 3

A
  1. instruction drilling
  2. acting confident themselves
  3. encouraging positive self-talk
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15
Q

Harter proposed a theory of achievement motivation that is based on an athlete’s feeling of personal competence. according to Harter, individuals are innately motivated to be competent in all areas of human achievement. to satisfy the urge to be competent in an achievement area such as sport, the person attempts mastery

A

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16
Q

as competence motivation increases, the athlete is encouraged to make further mastery attempts

A

t

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17
Q

the reflected appraisal process

A

is a function of the actual appraisal of others, one’s own appraisal of self, and one’s perception of how others appraise

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18
Q

the multidimensional model of sport confidence

A

the revision of vealy’s model of sport confidence. the original model conceptualized trait sport confidence, state sport confidence, and competitive orientation as predictors of satisfaction and performance success

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19
Q

psychological momentum

A

a positive or negative change in cognition, affect, physiology, and behavior caused by an event or series of events that will result in a commensurate shift in performance and competitive outcome

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20
Q

precipitating event

A

leads to the momentum chain

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21
Q

negative momentum

A

conditions necessary to precipitate positive momentum on the part of the opposition

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22
Q

precipitating events are also refer to as momentum or confidence triggers by jones and Harwood

A

t

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23
Q

three different models to explain the psychological momentum phenomenon

A
  1. antecedents-consequences model
  2. multidimensional model
  3. projected performance model
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24
Q

antecedents-consequences model

A

a situational antecedent event such as a dunk in basketball or an ace serve in tennis precipitates the perception of psychological momentum

25
Q

multidimensional model

A

psychological momentum is defined as being either positive or negative

26
Q

moderator variable

A

is an independent variable that modifies or determines the effect that a second independent variable has upon a dependent variable

27
Q

projected performance model

A

positive and negative psychological momentum are only labels used to describe performance, and are the result of extremely good or bad performance

28
Q

hot hand phenomenon

A

the belief that performance of an athlete temporarily improves following a string of success

29
Q

achievement situation

A

as one in which social comparisons are being made

30
Q

for girls and their confidence in sports three situational variables relate to

A
  1. nature of the task
  2. ambiguity available information
  3. social comparison cues
31
Q

self determination

A

unifying self construct that brings meaning to the overall concept of motivation

32
Q

self determination theory by

A

Deci and Ryan

33
Q

a mediator variable

A

a variable that determines how previous variable affects a subsequent variable

34
Q

self determination theory focuses on three innate human needs

A
  1. the needs for competence
  2. autonomy
  3. relatedness
35
Q

efficacious pawn

A

an individual who is confident that he can successfully perform a task but who is doing it for an external reason

36
Q

another word for autonomy

A

agency

37
Q

an incomplete list of strategies for developing autonomy in athletes

A
  1. provide boundaries
  2. provide rationale for training tasks
  3. respect feelings
  4. provide time to take initiative
  5. provide feedback
  6. avoid bullying
  7. encourage a mastery approach
38
Q

relatedness

A

the basic need to relate to other people, to care foremothers and have others care for you

39
Q

amotivation

A

behaviors that are neither internally nor externally based

40
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

motivation that comes from within

41
Q

obsessive passion

A

controlling in nature and drives a person to engage in an activity they like

42
Q

three aspects or manifestations of intrinsic motivation toward knowledge

A
  1. Motivation toward knowledge
  2. Accomplishment
  3. Experiencing stimulation
43
Q

harmonious passion:

A

Autonomous in nature and leads the person to choose to engage in an activity that they like

44
Q

Extrinsic motivation:

A

The motivation that comes from external as apposed to internal sources

45
Q

Four types of extrinsic motivation:

A
  1. External regulation
  2. Introjected regulation
  3. Identified regulation
  4. Integrated regulation
46
Q

internalization

A

Natural outcome of integration that comes as people obtain meaningful relationships with others

47
Q

Introjected regulation:

A

only partially internalized

48
Q

identified regulation

A

present when an athlete engages in an activity that she does not perceive as being particularly interesting, but does so because she sees the activity as being instrumental for her to obtain another goal that is interesting to her

49
Q

integrated regulation

A

the most internalized form of regulation is referred to

50
Q

additive principle

A

young athlete who is low in intrinsic motivation will participate in an achievement situation if there is sufficient reward or external motivation for doing so

51
Q

multiplicative principle

A

suggests that the interaction between intrinsic and external rewards could either add to or detract from intrinsic motivation

52
Q

attribution theory

A

a theory of motivation based on the kinds of attributions or causes that individuals give for successful or unsuccessful outcomes

53
Q

attribution training

A

chronically unsuccessful participants may be taught to attribute unsuccessful performance to causes that are unstable but within their control

54
Q

embedded within attribution theory are the principles of

A
  1. over-justification

2. discounting

55
Q

over-justification and discounting

A

concepts suggest that adding external rewards to an otherwise interesting activity may represent an over-justification for participation, which may lead to discounting the intrinsic value of the activity

56
Q

cognitive evaluation theory

A

posits that external rewards can affect intrinsic motivation in one of two ways

57
Q

two ways rewards can affect intrinsic motivation

A
  1. produce a decrement in intrinsic motivation,

2. effect of external rewards is informational in nature, and results in an increase in intrinsic motivation

58
Q

controlling aspect of external motivation

A

when people come to perceive that their behavior is controlled by external forces, they respond with decreased levels of intrinsic motivation

59
Q

informational aspect of external motivation

A

if an external award provides feedback to the person and enhances that person’s sense of competence and self-determination, increased intrinsic motivation will be the end result

Sport Psychology (6 decks)

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