chapter 3 notes Flashcards
receptor cells process senses into ____ for the brain
neural signals
sensation depends on the characteristics of the stimulus, the background stimulation, and the detector.
signal detection theory
loss of responsiveness in receptor cells after stimulation has remained unchanged for a while, as when a swimmer becomes adapted to the temperature of the water
sensory adaptation
photoreceptros in the retina that are especially sensitive to dim light but not to colors.
rods
light sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses.
photoreceptors
photoreceptors in the retina that are epecially sensitive to colors but not to dim light
cones
the bundle of neurons that carries visual infromation from the retina to the brain
optic nerve
the point where the optic nerve exits the eye and where there are no photoreceptors.
blind spot
a sensation caused by the intensity (amplitude) of light waves
brightness
the entire range of electromagentic energy, including radio waves, etc.
electromagnetic spectrum
the tiny part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive
visible spectrum
sensations that linger after the stimulus is removed. usually in negative (reversed colors)
afterimages
the idea that colrs are sensed by three different types of cones sensitive to light in the red, blue, and green wavelenths.
trichromatic theory
the idea that cells in the visual systems process colors in complementary pairs
opponent process theory
a genetic disorder that prevents an individual from discriminating certain colors.
color blindness
most commmon color blindness
red-green
the number of cycles completed by a wave in a second
frequency
the physical strength of a wave. this is shown on graphs as the height of the wave
amplitude
tympanic membrane
the eardrum
part of ear where piercings are
pinna
the ossicle bones or bones of the middle ear consist of
the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
the primary organ of hearing. a coiled tube in the inner ear
cochlea
what converts the vibrations in the ear to neural messages
basilar membranee
a thin strip of tissue sensitive to vibrations in the cochlea. This contains hair cells connected to the neurons.
basilar membrane
describe the passage of hearing
eardrum- cochlea- basilar membrane- auditory nerve- brain
a sensory characteristic of sound productd by the amplitiude of the sound wave
loudness
chemical signals released by organisms to communicate with other members of their species.
pheromones
the sense of smell
olfaction
the sense of taste
gustation
flavor is comrpised of
taste and scent
list the 7 senses
vision hearing skin senses tase pain kinesthetic and vestibular
stimulus for vision
light waves
sense organ for vision
eye
receptor for vision
rods and cones
sensation of vision
colors, brightness, patterns, motion, textures
stimulus of hearing
sound waves
sense organ for hearing
ear
receptor of hearing
hair cells of the basilar membrane
sensation of hearing
pitch, loudness, timbre
stimulus for skin senses
exteranl contact
sense organ for skin senses
skin
stimulus for smell
volatile substances
stimulus for taste
soluble substances
stimulus for pain
many intense or extreme stimuli; temperature, chemicals, mechanical, stimuli
sense organ for pain
net of pain fibers all over the body
stimulus for kinesthetic and vestibular sense
body position, movmeent and balnace
sense organ for kinesthetic and vestibular sense
semicircular canals, skeletal muscles, joins, tendons
human range of frequency
20 hz - 20,000h z
cats have a range of frequency to how many hertz
64,000
sound intensity or loudness
decibel
how much decibels is a soft whisper
20db
a concert or plane can result in potential damage to one’s
hearing
hearing is ___
bilateral
destination for auditory messages
temporal obe
results from damage of hair cells in corti= the constant buzzing sound
tinnitus
which gender has better smell
female
complete loss of smell
anosmia
smell can be used for
agressive or territorial signals
the 5th taste is
umani
taste msg and proteins
umani
