CHAPTER 3 - MORAL AGENT

Question 1

MORAL AGENT

Answer 1

• A being who is capable of acting with reference to right and
  wrong
• conforming the external requirement of
  morality, because an agent is a knower
• A human is a being that acts, one who acts with will and
  knowledge and holds responsible for the acts
• Not all individuals are
  moral agents, children
  and adults with certain
  mental disabilities have
  no capacity to be
  mental agents

Question 2

WHAT IS CULTURE?

Answer 2

• the learned beliefs, attitudes,
  values, norms, and customs of a
  society
• The way of life of people within a
  society which is practiced and
  transmitted from generation to
  generation

Question 3

TYPES OF CULTURE

Answer 3

• HIGH CULTURE - superior and typically associated with and
  consumed by the elites of society (arts, opera, ballet, classical
  music, etc)
• CULTURAL DIVERSITY –
  culturally embedded differences
  within a society as different
  cultures exist alongside each
  other
• POPULAR CULTURE – borrows the idea from high culture and
  popularizes it making it available to the masses
• SUB CULTURE – the
  minority part of a major
  culture enjoyed by small
  group within a society
• MULTICULTURALISM – having different ethnic groups living
  along side each other
• GLOBAL CULTURE – a
  product of globalization
  due to cultural migration
  and exchange through
  media and internet

Question 4

IMPORTANT OF CULTURE

Answer 4

CULTURE AFFECTS PERCEPTION
* culture determines the structure of our thinking, which
influences our perceptions on the good or bad
CULTURE INFLUENCES BEHAVIOR
* Culture teaches affects the way we interact socially as
much as it also affects our moral behaviour
CULTURE SHAPES PERSONALITIES
* the way we perceive and react to situations depends on
how we’re brought up and what we have learned from the
environment
CULTURE SHAPES OUR VALUE AND BELIEF SYSTEM
* Through our religion, traditions, customs etc. which
become part of who we are

Question 5

MORAL BEHAVIOR

Answer 5

Behaving or acting on what
s/he believes is the right thing
to do.

Question 6

MORAL BEHAVIOR & CULTURE

Answer 6

• Culture has an essential influence to our moral development
  and social identity
• But it may not always promote
  what is good and just for all
• Despite our cultural uniqueness,
  people can still exercise their
  power to choose what is morally
  right and morally wrong

Question 7

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Answer 7

• Every culture is unique to each
  other
• Each society are dissimilar in
  their moral standards
• One can’t judge another
  culture based on his/her
  cultural standards

Question 8

Moral relativism can be understood through :

Answer 8

• Descriptive Moral Relativism, or cultural relativism because
  moral standards are culturally defined
• Meta-ethical Moral Relativism which states that there’s no
  objective ground for moral values as societies based on their
  unique beliefs, customs, and environment
• Normative Moral Relativism wherein all societies should
  accept each other’s differing moral values

Question 9

MORAL ABSOLUTISM

Answer 9

• the view where there are moral laws
  that are universal and unconditional