CHAPTER 2 - DILEMMA AND MORALITY

Question 1

WHAT IS DILEMMA

Answer 1

A difficult situation where an individual must choose between two or more alternative actions to resolve the
problem.

Question 2

TYPES OF DILEMMA

Answer 2

CLASSIC DILEMMA
* Different criteria, same behaviour
* Each side of dilemma is valuable only because of the other
side
* Order v Freedom
* Empowerment v Alignment
TEMPORAL DILEMMA
* Same process, different criteria applied at a different time
* A special case of classical dilemma
* Innovation v Manufacturability
* Speed (customer satisfaction) v Accuracy (process integrity)
ORTHOGONAL DILEMMA
* Different behaviour, different criteria
* The two different set of behaviours are diametrically
opposite
* Centralization v Decentralization
* Service Orientation v Product Orientation
SEQUNETIAL DILEMMA
* Different behaviour, different times
* Different behaviours which conflicts with each other but
the most likely solution is to sequence them appropriately
* Performance v Development
* Work v Home
UNEQUAL DILEMMA
* Split across unequal status
* A person in authority will assert one side of dilemma
* High Growth v Organization Integrity
* Fiscal Stability through cost cutting v Preserving Capability
* Product Innovation v Support for Existing Product Lines

Question 3

WHAT IS MORAL DILEMMA?

Answer 3

• A situation wherein an individual experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the results it will produce
• An agent is required to
  do each two actions but
  cannot do both
• Condemned to moral
  failure but will produce a
  desirable results

Question 4

TYPES OF MORAL DILEMMA

Answer 4

PERSONAL DILEMMA
* Choosing between two options, neither resolves the
situation in an ethically acceptable way
ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA
* Organizational ethics are the standards by which a business
operates
SYSTEMATIC DILEMMA
* Predicated on moral rule violations which results in harm
of another person/s
* Conformity and compliance to the expected code of
conduct

Question 5

FREEDOM IN POLITICS

Answer 5

• Freedom is Liberty
• Absence of
  subjection to foreign
  domination or
  despotic government

Question 6

FREEDOM IN PHILOSOPHY

Answer 6

• Freedom is the source of
  all value
• Human is free physically, yet bound
  to obey the law
• Like to do and ought to do
• Humans have the duty bound to
  what they ought to do as expected
  from them to do

Question 6

BRUTA NECESSITAS MEANS?

Answer 6

• bound to
  sensuous impulse

Question 7

SUMMUM BONUM

Answer 7

• freedom
  in accordance to will

Question 8

MORAL FREEDOM

Answer 8

• Individuals are
  expected to determine
  for themselves what it
  means to lead a good
  and virtuous life

Question 9

REASON

Answer 9

• Reason is the fundamental
  requirement for any moral decisions
• Feelings and emotions must be guided by reason to act
  soundly and morally

Question 10

IMMANUEL KANT saying about reason

Answer 10

“Morality is based on reason alone,
once we understood it, we would see
that acting morally is the same as
acting rationally” – Immanuel Kant

Question 11

IMPARTIALITY

Answer 11

• A principle of justice
• Judgment on something or
  someone must be objective
  not on the basis of bias and
  prejudice
• No one shall be exempted
  from that same rule