CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Question 1

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

Answer 1

Philosophy is something obscure, weird and idiosyncratic (Santiago, 1996).

Question 2

WHO WAS THE FIRST COINED THE TERM PHILOSPHY?

Answer 2

Pytghagoras, a Greek Philosopher

Question 3

ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

Answer 3

Philos - love
Sophia - wisdom
“LOVE OF WISDOM”

Question 4

THREE CONCEPT OF LOVE

Answer 4

eros (Greek erasthai) - a passionate, intense desire for something. Sexual
desires
philia - fondness and appreciation of family, friendship,
community and discipline, seeks the truth.
- is the love of attaining the truth of reality
agape - paternal love of God to humanity

Question 5

THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF MEN

Answer 5

lovers of pleasure, lovers of success and lovers of wisdom

Question 6

ESSENTIAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY

Answer 6

-search for meaning
-understand existence and reality
-in-depth and comprehensive view
of information and truth

Question 6

4 PHILOSOPHY AND OTHER SCIENCES

Answer 6

philosphy and science, history, mathematics and religion

Question 6

IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY

Answer 6

-to develop a cultured, well-defined, and well-rounded
individual
-develop comprehension and critical thinking
-develop own philosophy in life necessary in directing own
lives

Question 7

DISCIPLINES IN PHILOSPHY

Answer 7

• LOGIC - study of right and sound reasoning
• EPISTEMOLOGY - study of validity of knowledge
• METAPHYSICS - explain the fundamental concept of being
• AESTHETICS - study of beauty
• COSMOLOGY - study of real things in the universe
• THEODICY - study of GOD and HIS nature
• SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY - study of human and their relation to
  society
• ETHICS - science of morality of human acts

Question 8

RULES

Answer 8

Instructions that tells us
what we are allowed/
not allowed to do

Question 9

MORALS

Answer 9

• From Latin word “mos” which means
  character
• beliefs and values practiced an individual
  or group that directs people to do what
  is customarily allowable as right or
  refrain from wrong or “taboo”
• A personal conviction

Question 9

ETHICS

Answer 9

• From Greek word “ethikos” which means character
• a guiding principle
  as to decide
  whether an action
  is good or bad
• Moral Philosophy

Question 10

3 IMPERATIVE OF ETHICS

Answer 10

HUMAN FREEDOM
* The inherent human power to act or not act that makes us
responsible with our actions
EXISTENCE OF GOD
* Without God’s
existence that
postulate human’s
belief, humans will find
no reason to do good
and avoid evil.
* God alone give the
final judgment
IMMORTALITY OF SOUL
* If there’s no life after
death where good deed
are not rewarded and evil
doers are punished, then
there’s no sense at all to
lead a better life

Question 10

ETHICAL PRINCIPLE

Answer 10

TRUTHFULNESS/HONESTY
LOYALTY
RESPECT
FAIRNESS
INTEGRITY

Question 10

MORAL STANDARDS

Answer 10

-determines about actions that is believe to be morally right
and deter us from doing what is considered wrong
EX. Environmental preservation
is the right thing to do

Question 10

CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL STANDARDS

Answer 10

• Moral standards involves serious wrongs or significant
  benefits
• Moral standards ought to be preferred to other values
• Moral standards are not established by authority figures
• Moral standards have the trait of universalizability
• Moral standards are based on impartial considerations
• Moral standards are associated with special emotions and
  vocabulary

Question 10

NON-MORAL STANDARDS

Answer 10

NON-MORAL STANDARDS
* rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations
(etiquette, fashion standards, games rules, house rules, etc.)