Chapter 3: Modern Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

define population genetics

A

what happens to genes in populations undergoing natural selection

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2
Q

what is genotypic frequency?

A

a fraction of a population that carries a specific genotype

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3
Q

what is the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

A

when genotypic frequencies remain the same between generations in the absence of disturbing factors

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4
Q

what are the 5 conditions of the hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

A
  1. random mating (a. all members must mate b. all members have same number of offspring)
  2. no mutations
  3. no natural selection
  4. no gene flow/migration
  5. large population
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5
Q

what does it mean if the conditions of the hardy-weinberg are not met?

A

it means evolution is happening

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6
Q

what is necessary for natural selection to work?

A

variation within populations

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7
Q

what are hidden variatons?

A

variants that may be drawn out during selective reproduction

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8
Q

what is behavioural flexibility?

A

the ability to adjust behaviour to certain circumstances

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9
Q

what is a biological trade off?

A

when one trait is favoured while another is selected against (negative correlation)

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10
Q

what does it mean to be genetically canalized?

A

to be fixed / insensitive to the environment

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11
Q

what does it mean to be behaviourally plastic?

A

to be flexible / sensitive to the environment

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12
Q

is flexibility in behaviour heritable?

A

yes

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13
Q

what are pleiotropic effects?

A

when one gene influences multiple traits

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14
Q

what is sampling variation?

A

variation in the composition of small samples drawn from large populations

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15
Q

what is genetic drift?

A

random change in gene frequencies due to sampling variations in small populations

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16
Q

what is the founder effect?

A

when a population becomes isolated, they only have genetic variation from their current gene pool