Chapter 3: Mitosis + Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Mitosis

A

type of cell division done by most of our body cells

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2
Q

Purpose of mitosis

A
  • helps our body grow
  • good for repair and damage
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3
Q

What types of cells does mitosis make..

A

identical cells

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4
Q

What is interphase

A

process our cells are in most of the time:
- growth
- DNA replication (duplication of chromatids)
- carrying out cell functions

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5
Q

How many chromosomes does a human cell have

A

46

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6
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

PMAT: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

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7
Q

Prophase

A
  • first step in cell division
  • nuclear membrane disappears
  • spindle fibres from centrioles fan out at opposite poles of the cell
  • chromatin condenses into chromosomes
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8
Q

Metaphase

A
  • chromosomes line up by their centromeres in the middle of the cell at the metaphase plate
  • spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes
  • nucleus disassembled
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9
Q

Anaphase

A
  • spindle fibres pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
  • centromeres split
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10
Q

Telophase

A
  • spindle fibres dissolve
  • nuclear membrane starts to form around the chromatids
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11
Q

Cytokinesis

A

responsible for final separation into two cells by splitting the cytoplasm

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12
Q

Meiosis

A

produces gametes: sperm + egg cells. reduction division

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13
Q

Prophase I

A
  • starts with a diploid cell
  • chromatin condenses to chromosomes
  • nuclear membrane disappears
  • each chromosome pairs with it’s homologous chromosome and crossing over occurs (recombination)
  • centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
  • spindle fibers fan out from opposite poles of the cell from centrioles
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14
Q

Crossing over /recombination

A

chromosomes exchange segments of alleles
(reason why each kid looks different)

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15
Q

Metaphase I

A
  • homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
  • spindle fibers attach to the homologous chromosomes from opposite poles
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16
Q

Anaphase I

A
  • spindle fibers separate the homologous chromosomes to separate poles of the cell
17
Q

Telophase I

A
  • spindle fibers dissolve
  • nuclear membrane reforms
  • each chromosome still has it’s sister chromatids but they are no longer identical due to crossing over
18
Q

Cytokinesis I (meiosis)

A

separates the cytoplasms of the cell. results in 2 genetically different daughter haploid cells

19
Q

Meiosis II

A

DNA does not replication before meiosis II begins

20
Q

Prophase II

A
  • nuclear membrane disappears
  • spindle fibers fan out from centrioles
21
Q

Metaphase II

A
  • chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
  • spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes
22
Q

Anaphase II

A
  • spindle fibers separate the chromosomes and move to opposite poles of the cell
23
Q

Telophase II

A
  • spindle fibers dissolve
  • nuclear membrane reforms
24
Q

Cytokinesis II (meiosis II)

A
  • separates cytoplasm of the cells
  • results in 4 genetically different daughter cells
25
How many chromosomes does a daughter cell occur after meiosis completes
23
26
Synapsis
pairing of homologous chromosomes
27
Tetrad
4 sister chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes
28
G1 phase
Cellular contents excluding the chromosomes are duplicated
29
S phase
Each of the 46 chromosomes are duplicated by the cell
30
G2 phase
The cell double checks the duplicated chromosomes for error and making any needed repairs
31
G0 phase
Resting phase. The cell is neither dividing nor preparing for division