Chapter 3: Mitosis + Meiosis

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

type of cell division done by most of our body cells

Question 2

Purpose of mitosis

Answer 2

• helps our body grow
• good for repair and damage

Question 3

What types of cells does mitosis make..

Answer 3

identical cells

Question 4

What is interphase

Answer 4

process our cells are in most of the time:
- growth
- DNA replication (duplication of chromatids)
- carrying out cell functions

Question 5

How many chromosomes does a human cell have

Answer 5

46

Question 6

Stages of mitosis

Answer 6

PMAT: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

• first step in cell division
• nuclear membrane disappears
• spindle fibres from centrioles fan out at opposite poles of the cell
• chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

• chromosomes line up by their centromeres in the middle of the cell at the metaphase plate
• spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes
• nucleus disassembled

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

• spindle fibres pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
• centromeres split

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

• spindle fibres dissolve
• nuclear membrane starts to form around the chromatids

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

responsible for final separation into two cells by splitting the cytoplasm

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

produces gametes: sperm + egg cells. reduction division

Question 13

Prophase I

Answer 13

• starts with a diploid cell
• chromatin condenses to chromosomes
• nuclear membrane disappears
• each chromosome pairs with it’s homologous chromosome and crossing over occurs (recombination)
• centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
• spindle fibers fan out from opposite poles of the cell from centrioles

Question 14

Crossing over /recombination

Answer 14

chromosomes exchange segments of alleles
(reason why each kid looks different)

Question 15

Metaphase I

Answer 15

• homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
• spindle fibers attach to the homologous chromosomes from opposite poles

Question 16

Anaphase I

Answer 16

• spindle fibers separate the homologous chromosomes to separate poles of the cell

Question 17

Telophase I

Answer 17

• spindle fibers dissolve
• nuclear membrane reforms
• each chromosome still has it’s sister chromatids but they are no longer identical due to crossing over

Question 18

Cytokinesis I (meiosis)

Answer 18

separates the cytoplasms of the cell. results in 2 genetically different daughter haploid cells

Question 19

Meiosis II

Answer 19

DNA does not replication before meiosis II begins

Question 20

Prophase II

Answer 20

• nuclear membrane disappears
• spindle fibers fan out from centrioles

Question 21

Metaphase II

Answer 21

• chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
• spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes

Question 22

Anaphase II

Answer 22

• spindle fibers separate the chromosomes and move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 23

Telophase II

Answer 23

• spindle fibers dissolve
• nuclear membrane reforms

Question 24

Cytokinesis II (meiosis II)

Answer 24

• separates cytoplasm of the cells
• results in 4 genetically different daughter cells

Question 25

How many chromosomes does a daughter cell occur after meiosis completes

Answer 25

23

Question 26

Synapsis

Answer 26

pairing of homologous chromosomes

Question 27

Tetrad

Answer 27

4 sister chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes

Question 28

G1 phase

Answer 28

Cellular contents excluding the chromosomes are duplicated

Question 29

S phase

Answer 29

Each of the 46 chromosomes are duplicated by the cell

Question 30

G2 phase

Answer 30

The cell double checks the duplicated chromosomes for error and making any needed repairs

Question 31

G0 phase

Answer 31

Resting phase. The cell is neither dividing nor preparing for division