Chapter 3: Mitosis + Meiosis Flashcards
1
Q
Mitosis
A
type of cell division done by most of our body cells
2
Q
Purpose of mitosis
A
- helps our body grow
- good for repair and damage
3
Q
What types of cells does mitosis make..
A
identical cells
4
Q
What is interphase
A
process our cells are in most of the time:
- growth
- DNA replication (duplication of chromatids)
- carrying out cell functions
5
Q
How many chromosomes does a human cell have
A
46
6
Q
Stages of mitosis
A
PMAT: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
7
Q
Prophase
A
- first step in cell division
- nuclear membrane disappears
- spindle fibres from centrioles fan out at opposite poles of the cell
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes
8
Q
Metaphase
A
- chromosomes line up by their centromeres in the middle of the cell at the metaphase plate
- spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes
- nucleus disassembled
9
Q
Anaphase
A
- spindle fibres pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
- centromeres split
10
Q
Telophase
A
- spindle fibres dissolve
- nuclear membrane starts to form around the chromatids
11
Q
Cytokinesis
A
responsible for final separation into two cells by splitting the cytoplasm
12
Q
Meiosis
A
produces gametes: sperm + egg cells. reduction division
13
Q
Prophase I
A
- starts with a diploid cell
- chromatin condenses to chromosomes
- nuclear membrane disappears
- each chromosome pairs with it’s homologous chromosome and crossing over occurs (recombination)
- centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
- spindle fibers fan out from opposite poles of the cell from centrioles
14
Q
Crossing over /recombination
A
chromosomes exchange segments of alleles
(reason why each kid looks different)
15
Q
Metaphase I
A
- homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
- spindle fibers attach to the homologous chromosomes from opposite poles
