Chapter 3- Migration Flashcards
First era of immigration:
- Africans were forced as slaves
* Europeans were between forced and voluntary because harsh economic conditions and persecution
Three main immigration eras in the US:
Initial settlement of colonies
Mid-19th to early 20th century
1970s and still today
The second era of migration:
Mostly Europeans pulled by economic opportunity
Third era of immigration
More than 3/4 were from Aisa and Latin America
•largest # came from Mexico because of 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
Why Europeans, Latin Americans and Aisans began to migrate
Reasons stayed the same: push factors of poor conditions & pulled by economic opportunity and social advancement
How has the U.S. Changed
No longer sparsely settled with good economy and lots of unclaimed land
What ended high immigration to the U.S. From Europe
After the final states were admitted
Difference between English and African migration:
- English migration was between forced and voluntary bc economic conditions and persecution
- African migration was mostly forced bc slaves
Peaks
1840s to 1850s
3/4 immigrants came from Ireland and Germany
Peaks
1870s
Western Europe began after the U.S. Civil War
Peaks
1880s
One-half million per year cuz of Scandinavians during Industrial Revolution
Emigration:
Migration FROM a location
Immigration:
Migration TO a location
Push factor
Induces people to move out of their country
Pull factor
Induces people to move into a new location
Types of push and pull factors
Economic
Cultural
Environmental
Refugees
People forced to move because of fear or persecutions or political opinion
Most dramatic symbol of restricted emigration:
The Berlin Wall
Intervening obstacle
An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
Ex intervening obstacles
Water ways, transportation improvements, political factors
Ex of a intervening obstacle real world
Gold rush could not reach their destination because of the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains or desert country
Most migrants relocate to a short distance because of:
Proximity
International migration:
Permanent movement one country to another
Internal migration
Permanent movement with in the same country
International migrants are ___ ____ numerous than internal migrants
Much less
Ex of international migration
United States to Russia
Main type of interregional migration
Rural to urban areas in search of jobs
Urbanization
Main type of intraregional
Within urban areas
Who identified the migration transition
Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky
Stage 1
High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food rather than permanents migration to a new location
Stage 2
Point where international and interregional migration becomes important
• improvement in agriculture reduces # of ppl needed to rural areas but jobs in cities are available
Stage 3&4
Principal destinations of international migrants leaving stage 2 countries in search economic opportunities
•INTRAREGIONAL, from cities to suburbs
Most long distance migrants are
Males
• adults with no children
U.S. immigrants originates from TWO regions
Asia and Latin America
Asia 3 leading sources
China India and the Philippines
Mexico passes Germany in 2006 as the country
To send the most immigrants to the U.S.
Europe’s demographic transition
Population grew because new technologies- Industrial Revolution
• people began to leave because of limited job/economic opportunities
•people that stayed benefited new technology
• now most are in stage 4 and no longer need the safety value.
