Chapter 2 Flashcards
CDR
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 ppl alive in society
CBR
The total # of births in a year for every 1,000 people
NIR
The percentage by which a population grows in a year
TFR
The total number of births a woman is expected to have (15-49)
4 regions where 2/3rds of the worlds people live today
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Europe
Countries in east Asia
China Japan Korean Peninsula Taiwan
Countries is South Asia
India /Pakistan /Bangladesh/Sri Lanka
Countries in Southeast Asia
Java /Sumatra/ Borneo/ Philippines
Countries in Europe
Russia/ England/ Germany/ Belgium
Difference between arithmetic density and physiological density
Arithmetic- total objects in area
Physiological- total ppl supposed by arable land
4 reasons why few people live in other regions of the world
Too dry
Too wet
Too cold
High lands ( mountains)
What is the demographic transition
Process of change in a society’s population
Stage 1 is
Low growth
^CBR ^CDR=no nir
Stage 1 details
Nomadic era to the agricultural revolution
Lack of food&war and disease (CDR)
Agricultural revolution- 8000 BC to 1700 AD start in Persian gulf@ Euphrates and tigers river
Stage 2 is
High growth
|CDR ^CBR= ^nir
Stage 2 details
C 1750-1880 starts in England
Industrial Revolution & Medical revolution
Better sanitation advanced medical stuff sophisticated transportation advanced farming hygiene
Stage 3 is
Moderate
|CBR |CDR = moderate nir
Stage 3 details
1880s Progressive Era Social & economic customs Live in cities to work More educated Women are working
Stage 4 is
Low Very |CBR CDR= no nir possible decline in population ZPG majority women are work force More choices(birth control) Focused on future
Country’s in stage 1
None
Country in stage 2
Cape Verde
- when anti martial campaign was launched
- CDR dropped and CBR high
Country in stage 3
Chile
- vigorous family planning
- reduced income induced couples to wait
Country in stage 4
Denmark
- since 1970 CBR CDR equal
- have reached ZPG
- population ^ because immigration
- CDR ^
When was the first agricultural revolution?
Around 8000 BC
Humans first domesticated plants and animals and didn’t rely entires in hunting/gathering
What was the industrial revolution
Major improvement in INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY that transformed manufacturing goods (steam engine, mass production, powered transportation)
When did the industrial revolution occur in England
Late 18th century
When did the industrial revolution happen in US
19th century
What did Thomas Malthus predict
In 1798/ he claimed that the population was growing much more rapidly than Earths food supply because
-population increased geometrically while food increased arithmetically
What were Thomas Malthus solutions
Population growth would press against available resources in every country unless “moral restraint” produced lower CBRs or unless disses famine war or disasters produces higher CDRs
2 arguments for neo-malthusians
- Failed to anticipate poor countries have rapid population growth because medical transfer from MDCs
- population growth is outstripping a variety of resources not just food
- wars and violence increase coming years
- scariness of clean air/ suitable farmland/ fuel
2 critics of Malthusian theory
-According to principles of possibilism him humans have ability to choose courses of action
-Esther Boserup
more people more brains more technology more jobs economy goes up
What does Esther Boserup argue
Population simulates economic growth therefore production of more food
-generate more customers and more ideas for improving technology
Marxist theory
From Karl Marx and Friedwich Engels
-fathers of communism
Marxist theory on Malthus
Enough resources
Population growth is not the problem
A socially quality that contributes to a global hunger and poverty
Friedwich engles and Karl marx book?
Communist manifesto
Communist manifesto is from a book called
Utopia
-Written around 1400’s by Thomas More
Epidemiological transition
Stages the focus on the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the DT
Stage 1 of ET
Pestilence and famine (infectious disease)
-Black plague
Black plague is an
Epidemic
Difference between epidemic and pandemic
Epidemic stays where it started
Pandemic goes around the world
Stage 2 of ET
Receding pandemics
-because improve nutrition medication and sanitation
Stage 3 of ET
Disorders caused by humans
-EX: cardiovascular disease diabetes high cholesterol obesity cancer
(Decline in disease because vaccinations)
Stage 4 of ET
Delay degenerative diseases
-treatments for them
Possible stage 5 of ET
Reemergence of infection parasitic diseases
3 reasons for reemergence of disease
- Evolution-immunity
- poverty-poor no access to medical help
- improve travel-airplanes(sick in a tube)
How did Dr.Snow help solve the spread of disease?
Found large percentage of cholera victims clustered around one pump then found out that the pump was contaminated
Country most affected by aids
Sub-Saharan Africa
Population policies in China
One child policy
What population policies did India have
Family-planning programs with alternative methods of birth control.
Sterilizations
Why is there an excess is a woman in MDC’s and less in LDCs
High mortality rate during childbirth
Large percent of young people males outnumber females
Lower percentage of older people females were more
4 Factors that can put the NIR up or down
Economic development/education gender empowerment/ and public policy
Population pyramid
A countries population can be displayed by age and gender
Population influenced by
Age group and gender
Population pyramid display
Youngest groups at bottom
older on top
males to the left
females to the right
Dependency ratio
Number of people too young or too old to work compared to people working
Larger number of dependents means
Greater financial strain on the working class
Baby boom
1945- 1965
Wanted to restore normalcy in America
Couples want more babies
MDC’s
Northern hemisphere England France Norway Japan
LDCs
Lots of babies because of lack of constant contraception lack of education and cultural factors
Developing countries
China Russia Brazil India Argentina Paraguay Uruguay
Medical revolution
Stage 2
medical technology invented in Europe and North America that diffuse to poor countries
Why the census most important data source for geographers
To get more accurate count and identify detail characteristics
