Chapter 1- Basic Concepts Flashcards
What is Physical geography
Where and why natural forces occur where they do
What is human geography?
The study of where and why human activities are located where they are
Projection-
The scientific method of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map
4 types of distortion from projection-
Shape, distance, relative size, direction
The Robinson projection-
Information across oceans
Mercator projection-
Info of lands
Land ordinance of 1785-
Divided much of the country into townships
Land ordinance of 1785 adopted by-
The continental congress under the articles of confederation
Land ordinance of 1785 was proposed by-
Thomas Jefferson
Problem of LO 1785-
It did not have set guidelines as to how land would be a state, how ppl would settle, or how they would be governed
Solution to LO of 1784-
Will create LO Of 1785 which will have guidelines for selling and settling to create townships
LO of 1785 was significant for public schools-
In created guidelines for public school funding
Townships-
A square that is 6miles x 6miles
Principal meridians-
North-south lines separating townships
Baselines-
East-west lines
Remote sensing-
The acquisition of data about earths surface from a satellite orbiting or other long distance methods
Toponym-
The name given to a place
Site-
The physical character of a place
Situation-
The location of a place relative to other places
Mathematical location has to do with-
Meridian longitude prime meridian Parallel Latitude
Longitude -
Horizontal, location of each Meridian
Meridian-
Arc between North and South
Prime meridian-
0° longitude
Latitude-
Vertical ,indicate location of parallel
Cultural landscape-
Combination of cultural features
Examples of cultural landscape-
Language religion economic features agriculture climate and vegetation
Regional studies-
And approach to the geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in an area
Regional studies was initiated by-
Paul Vidal de la Blache in France
Formal region-
Uniform or homogeneous region,
Everyone shares common characteristic
Greenwich mean time-
Time zone encompassing the prime meridian or 0° longitude
Functional region-
Nodal region
Dominates at Central focus and diminishes in importance as goes out words
Vernacular region-
Perceptual or a.k.a. Stereotype
Place people believe exists part of their cultural identity
Cultural ecology-
Human relate to environment
Culture-
Body of customary believes material traits and social forms
Distinct tradition of group of people
Environmental determinism-
Physical environment causes social development. How people behaviors Are influenced by their surroundings
possibilism-
Environment may pose limits on human actions but can choose to modify their environment to fit needs
Forest biome-
When trees continuously canopy over the ground. Covers a large percentage of earths surface
savanna biome-
When trees do not canopy over the ground lack of shade allows grass to grow
Grassland biome-
when land is covered by grass rather than trees. Few trees grow because of low precipitation
Desert biome-
Region disperse patches of plants adapted to dry conditions vegetation is often sufficient for survival of small number of animals
Polder-
Piece of land that is created by draining water from an area
Dikes-
Dutch have Dikes into major locations
Globalization-
Force or process that involves entire world making something worldwide in scope
Transnational Corporation-
A.k.a. multinational corporation’s these conduct research operate factories and sell products in many countries
distribution-
arrangement of feature in space
Density-
Frequency with which something occurs in space
Arithmetic density
Total number of objects in area
Distribution comparing of population in different countries
Physiological density
Number of persons Per unit of area suitable for agriculture
Agricultural density
The number of farmers per-unit area of farmland
Concentration
Extent of the features spread over Space example clustered or disbursed
Space time compression
Describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
Distance decay
The farther away is a group is from the other the less likely the groups are to interact
Diffusion
Process by which something spreads across space from one place to another
Expansion diffusion
A.k.a. snowball
Develops in a hearth and stays strong in the center while spreading outward
Contagious diffusion
Form of expansion diffusion in which the rapid spread of characteristic that will effect all population
Hierarchical diffusion
Spread of ideas or concepts from persons or authority of power
Stimulus diffusion
Spread of underlying principle even though a certain characteristic may fail to defuse due to cultural reasons or economic reasons
Relocation diffusion
Spread of a culture and it’s ideas and customs through the physical movement of people
