Chapter 2 vocab Flashcards
Agricultural revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agricultural
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Crude birth rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 ppl alive in society
Crude death rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 ppl alive in a society
Demographic transition
The process of change in a society’s population
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
Dependency ratio
The number of ppl under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of ppl active in the labor force
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The portion of earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiologic transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population
Industrial revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1000 live births in a society
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live
Medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and north america that diffused to the poorer countries
Natural increase rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year
CBR-CDR
Overpopulation
The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high portion of the population
Physiological density
The number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Population pyramid
A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Zero population growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
