Chapter 3 - Matter - Properties and Changes

Question 1

a form of matter with a definite shape and volume

Answer 1

solid

Question 2

a form of matter with a constant volume that takes the shape of its container

Answer 2

liquid

Question 3

a technique that separates the components of a mixture

Answer 3

chromatography

Question 4

a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution

Answer 4

crystallization

Question 5

three physical forms that describe all matter that exists on Earth

Answer 5

states of matter

Question 6

the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound

Answer 6

percent by mass

Question 7

the grid organizing elements into periods and groups

Answer 7

periodic table

Question 8

states that different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of another element to form different compounds

Answer 8

law of multiple proportion

Question 9

state that regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

Answer 9

law of definite proportions

Question 10

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Answer 10

law of conservation of mass

Question 11

a homogeneous mixture

Answer 11

solution

Question 12

Compare and contrast chemical property and physical property

Answer 12

Compare: both are characteristics of substances.
Contrast: a physical property can be observed without changing the composition of the substance. A chemical property is the ability or tendency of a substance to change into another substance.

Question 13

Compare and contrast substance and mixture

Answer 13

Compare: both are kinds of matter
Contrast: A substance cannot be separated into other substances by physical means. A mixture can be separated into two or more substances.

Question 14

State whether each is physical or chemical and if physical if extensive or intensive:
color
tendency to rust
boiling point
density
mass
ability to burn
malleability
ability to conduct electricity

Answer 14

color - physical, intensive
tendency to rust - chemical
boiling point - physical, intensive
density - physical, intensive
mass - physical, extensive
ability to burn - chemical
malleability - physical, intensive
ability to conduct electricity - physical, intensive

Question 15

Match column A with column B
Column A Column B
alloy a) gold
element b) methane
gas c) steam
vapor d) sterling silver (silver & copper)

Answer 15

alloy - d) sterling silver and copper
element - a) gold
gas - b) methane
vapor - c) steam

Question 16

Which one of these is a compound:
salt
air
nickel

Answer 16

salt

Question 17

which one of these is a homogeneous mixture:
silicon
air
nickel

Answer 17

air

Question 18

Which one of these is an element:
salt
brass
aluminum

Answer 18

aluminum

Question 19

State physical or chemical:

a) breaking a pencil in half
b) wood burning
c) silver tarnishing
d) ice melting
e) hard-boiling an egg
f) grinding coffee beans
g) burning gasoline

Answer 19

a) physical
b) chemical
c) chemical
d) physical
e) chemical
f) physical
g) chemical

Question 20

State either homogeneous or heterogeneous
a) stainless steel
b) granite
c) air
d) blood
e) hand lotion
f) oil and water
g) wild bird seed
h) chunky peanut butter
I) dirt
j) vinegar
k) gasoline

Answer 20

a) homogeneous
b) heterogeneous
c) homogeneous
d) heterogeneous
e) homogeneous
f) heterogeneous
g) heterogeneous
h) heterogeneous
I) heterogeneous
j) homogeneous
k) homogeneous

Question 21

How would you separate two substances with different boiling points

Answer 21

distillation

Question 22

how would you separate sand from water

Answer 22

filtration