Chapter 2 - Data Analysis Flashcards
The base unit of length in the SI System is the
meter
The exactness of a measurement in indicated by its number of -
a) accurate digits
b) algorithms
c) conversation factors
d) significant digits
D - significant digits
The SI Prefix meaning “one thousand” is -
a) centi
b) kilo
c) milli
d) nano
B - kilo
At what temperature does water boil on the Celsius scale -
100 degrees
A cylindrical container holds 75 cm(3) of mercury. If you were asked to determine the mass of the mercury, which of the following would provide the information needed to salve this problem?
a) the formula for the volume of a cylinder
b) the density of mercury
c) the height of the mercury in the cylinder
d) the height of the cylinder
B - the density of mercury
The units used to express measurements such as speed, area, and volume are called ____ units.
a) precise
b) derived
c) significant
d) basic
B - derived
Density can be measured in the these units:
a) g/s
b) mL/g
c) g/cm(3)
d) m/s
C - g/cm(3)
Which of the following is NOT required in order to make a measurement?
a) a method of making a comparison
b) a standard with which to compare what is being measured
c) knowledge of exactly what is to be measured
d) units that are based on the English system of measurement
D - Units that are based on the English system of measurement
The SI base unit for the measurement of mass is the
kilogram
The correct value for the length of a metal rod is 22.6 cm. Which of the following sets of measurements of this rod could be considered precise but not accurate?
a) 22.5 cm, 22.7 cm, 22.6 cm
b) 12.6 cm, 22.6 cm, 32.6 cm
c) 20.4 cm, 20.2 cm, 20.5 cm
d) 21.6 cm, 23.7 cm, 25.9 cm
C - 20.4 cm, 20.2 cm, 20.5 cm
A balance is used to determine the -
a) mass of an object
b) length of an object
c) density of an object
d) temperature of an object
A - mass of an object
The density of 1 kilogram of silver is _____the density of 1 gram of silver -
a) greater than
b) the same as
c) less than
d) none of these
B - the same as
The mass of 1 kilogram of silver is ______the mass of 1 kilogram of water -
a) greater than
b) the same as
c) less than
d) none of these
B - the same as
The term accuracy, when used in measurement, refers to which of the following?
a) the amount of uncertainty in the measurement
b) the closeness of the measurements to one another
c) the reproducibility of the measurement
d) the closeness of the measurement to the accepted value
D - the closeness of the measurement to the accepted value
Which metric unit is most appropriate for measuring the distance between Tuscaloosa, AL and Carrollton, AL -
a) meter
b) millimeter
c) kilometer
d) megameter
C - kilometer
The base unit of time in the SI system is
second
Write in scientific notation:
9 367 421
9.367421 X 10(6) (can’t make superscripts so the (6) should really be a superscript. Same throughout all these notecards
810 540 - scientific notation
8.10540X 10 (2)
0.00112 - scientific notation
1.12 X 10(-3)
0.7210 - scientific notation
7.210 X 10(-1)
0.1000003030 - scientific notation
1.000003030 X 10(-1)
87.073 meters - round to three sig figs
87.1 meters
4.3621 X 10(8) meters - round to three sig figs
4.36 X 10(8) meters
0.015 52 meter - round to three sig figs
.0155 meters
9009 meters - round to three sig figs
9010 meters
1.777 X 10(-3) meter - round to three sig figs
1.78 X 10(-3) meters
629.55 meters - round to three sig figs
6.30 X 10(2) m
2.30m X 3.65m X 0.55m =
round off the answers to the correct number of sig figs
4.6 m(3)
103.8m/31s =
round off answers to the correct number of sig figs
3.3 m/s
61.2m + 9.35m + 8.6m =
round off answers to the correct number of sig figs
79.2 m
34.61kg - 17.3 kg =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
17.3 kg
12.011ng X 6.02X10(23)ng =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
7.23X10(24) ng(2)
0.500s/44.02s =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
.0114
10 434 mL - 9.3344 mL =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
10425 mL
In an experiment, a student calculates the density of carbon tetrachloride to be 1.72 g/cm(3). When he consults a reference source, he finds out that the density of carbon tetrachloride is actually 1.59 g/cm(3). What is his percent error?
ev = 1.73 g/cm(3) av = 1.59 g/cm(3) 1.73 - 1.59 = .14 %e = .14/1.59 X 100 = 8.805031447 %e = 8.81%
45.5g = ____________mg
4.55 X 10(4)
The correct value for the length of a metal rod is 22.6 cm. Which of the following sets of measurements of this rod could be considered precise but not accurate?
a) 22.5 cm, 22.7 cm, 22.6 cm
b) 12.6 cm, 22.6 cm, 32.6 cm
c) 20.4 cm, 20.2 cm, 20.5 cm
d) 21.6 cm, 23.7 cm, 25.9 cm
C - 20.4 cm, 20.2 cm, 20.5 cm
The base unit of time in the SI system is
second
Write in scientific notation:
9 367 421
9.367421 X 10(6) (can’t make superscripts so the (6) should really be a superscript. Same throughout all these notecards
The melting point of gold is 1064C. Express this temperature according to Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales.
K = C + 273 5F =9C + 160
K = 1064 + 273 5F = 9(1064) + 160
K = 1337K 5F=9736
F = 1947.2F
0.00112 - scientific notation
1.12 X 10(-3)
0.7210 - scientific notation
7.210 X 10(-1)
0.1000003030 - scientific notation
1.000003030 X 10(-1)
87.073 meters - round to three sig figs
87.1 meters
4.3621 X 10(8) meters - round to three sig figs
4.36 X 10(8) meters
0.015 52 meter - round to three sig figs
.0155 meters
9009 meters - round to three sig figs
9010 meters
1.777 X 10(-3) meter - round to three sig figs
1.78 X 10(-3) meters
629.55 meters - round to three sig figs
6.30 X 10(2) m
2.30m X 3.65m X 0.55m =
round off the answers to the correct number of sig figs
4.6 m(3)
103.8m/31s =
round off answers to the correct number of sig figs
3.3 m/s
61.2m + 9.35m + 8.6m =
round off answers to the correct number of sig figs
79.2 m
34.61kg - 17.3 kg =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
17.3 kg
12.011ng X 6.02X10(23)ng =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
7.23X10(24) ng(2)
0.500s/44.02s =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
.0114
10 434 mL - 9.3344 mL =
round answers to the correct number of sig figs
10425 mL
In an experiment, a student calculates the density of carbon tetrachloride to be 1.72 g/cm(3). When he consults a reference source, he finds out that the density of carbon tetrachloride is actually 1.59 g/cm(3). What is his percent error?
ev = 1.73 g/cm(3) av = 1.59 g/cm(3) 1.73 - 1.59 = .14 %e = .14/1.59 X 100 = 8.805031447 %e = 8.81%
45.5g = ____________mg
4.55 X 10(4)mg
49g = _________ kg
4.9 X 10(-2) kg
1.60 mL = ____________microliters
1.60 X 10(3) microliters
5.2 cm = __________ mm
52 mm
209 nm = ___________m
2.09 X 10(-7) m
Osmium is the densest element known. What is its density if 2.72g of the element has a volume of 0.121 cm(3)
d = m/v m= 2.72g d = 2.72g/.121 cm(3) v = 0.121cm(3) d=22.5 g/cm(3)
The temperature on the planet Mongo averages -237.3 F when the planet is farthest in its orbit from its sun. What is the temperature in kelvin and in Celsius?
-237.3F K = C+273 5F = 9C + 160
5(-273.3) = 9C +160
K=149.6+273 -1346.5/9C
K = 123.4K C = -149.6
The lowest outdoor temperature ever recorded on Earth is -128.6F. What is this temperature in Celsius and Kelvin
5F = 9C +160 K=C+273 5(-128.6) = 9C +160 -89.2 + 273 C= -89/2 K = 183.8 K
Liquid nitrogen is used to cool substances to very low temperature. Express the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77.34K) in Fahrenheit and Celsius.
K = C + 273 5F = 9C+160
77.34K = C + 273 5F = 9(-195.66) + 273
C = -195.66C 5F = 1600.94
F = -320.188F
The melting point of gold is 1064C. Express this temperature according to Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales.
K = C + 273 5F =9C + 160
K = 1064 + 273 5F = 9(1064) + 160
K = 1337K 5F=9736
F = 1947.2F
Refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value
accuracy
The process of assuring the accuracy of a measuring device
calibration
When you convert to _____________, you remove the placeholder zeros.
scientific notation
method of problem solving that uses conversion factors
dimensional analysis
When dividing numbers in scientific notation, what do you do with the exponents?
subtract them
T/F
Answers should have no more significant figures than the data with the fewest significant figures.
True
Example: if calculating density and the mass has 4 significant figures and volume has three, then the answer should have no more than three significant figures
Refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another
precision
Expresses a number as a multiple of two factors: a number between 1 and 10 and ten raised to a power or an exponent
scientific notation
The number of known digits in a measurement plus one estimated digit
significant figures
The steepness of the line in a graph
slope
The difference between an accepted value and an experiment value is called
error
The ratio of an error to an accepted value is called
percent error
When you calculate percent error, you can ignore the -
a) accepted values
b) measured values
c) experimental values
d) plus and minus signs
D - plus and minus signs
If two measurements are very close to each other, then they are -
a) accurate
b) precise
c) both accurate and precise
d) accepted values
B - precise
Which of the following is most likely to produce data that are not precise?
a) a balance that is not set to zero
b) not reading a graduated cylinder at eye level
c) altering the procedure during an experiment
d) making the same error with each trail
C - altering the procedure during an experiment
Put these in order from largest to smallest -
centi, giga, kilo, mega, milli, nano, pico
giga mega kilo centi milli nano pico
list symbol and factor that each represent
a) centi
b) kilo
c) milli
a) c; 1/100
b) k; 1000
c) m; 1/1000
What is the difference between a base unit and a derived unit?
Base units are defined units based on specific objects or events in the physical world. Derived units are defined by combining base units.
A ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume
density
What is the three-part process for problem solving?
Analyze - solve - evaluate
How are degrees Celsius converted to Kelvin
by adding 273 to whatever degree Celsius you are working with
A factor of equivalent values used to express the same quantity in different units is -
conversion factor
What is a method of problem solving that often uses conversion factors
dimensional analysis
The digits reported in an answer are called
significant figures
The numeral 9.66 has three significant figures, two known figures and one ______figure
estimated
All final ___________to the right of the decimal place are significant.
zeros
_______ numbers are always significant
non-zero
Zeros that act as ________ are not significant.
placeholders
__________ have an infinite number of significant figures.
Counting numbers
When you convert to _____________, you remove the placeholder zeros.
scientific notation
When multiplying numbers in scientific notation, what do you do with the exponents?
add them
When dividing numbers in scientific notation, what do you do with the exponents?
subtract them
T/F
Answers should have no more significant figures than the data with the fewest significant figures.
True
Example: if calculating density and the mass has 4 significant figures and volume has three, then the answer should have no more than three significant figures
