Chapter 3 - Kinetic Particle Theory Flashcards
What is the definition of matter?
matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. it can exist as a solid, liquid or gas
Kinetic Particle Theory:
- all matter made up of tiny particles
- particles are in constant and random motion
what are the arrangement of particles for solid liquid and gas?
very closely packed together in an orderly manner (occupies least volume, has most mass), closely packed together in a disorderly manner, far apart and randomly arranged (occupies most volume, has least mass)
movement of particles of solid, liquid and gas?
vibrate and rotate about in their fixed positions, slide over each other and move throughout the liquid, move randomly with high speed
F.O.A between particles in solid, liquid and gas
held together by very strong attractive forces, held together by strong attractive forces (weaker than solids), very weak attractive forces
KPE, shape, volume and compressibility of solids
low, fixed, fixed, cannot be compressed
KPE, shape, volume and compressibility of liquids
moderate, not fixed, fixed, cannot be compressed
KPE, shape, volume and compressibility of gas
high, not fixed, not fixed, can be compressed
During heating, solid & liquid state.
during melting, particles gain energy and vibrate fast enough to overcome the attractive forces holding them in their fixed positions. solid changes into liquid.
arrangement of particles changes from very closely packed in an orderly manner to less closely packed in a disorderly manner.
movement of particles changes from vibrating and rotating about in their fixed position to sliding over each other and moving throughout the liquid
During heating, liquid & gaseous state.
during boiling, particles gain energy and vibrate fast enough to overcome the attractive forces holding them in their fixed positions. liquid changes into gas
arrangement of particles changes from less closely packed in a disorderly manner to being far apart and randomly arranged
movement of particles changes from sliding over each other and moving throughout the liquid to moving randomly at high speeds.
why does temp. remain constant during melting and boiling?
all energy taken in used to overcome the attractive forces holding the particles in fixed positions and not to increase the temp. of substances (melting)
heat energy taken in by the substance to overcome the attractive forces holding the particles closely packed together and not to increase the temp. of the substances (boiling)
During cooling, gaseous & liquid state.
during condensation, particles lose energy and move more slowly to each other until the attractive forces between the particles become significant and pull the particles closer together. gas changes into liquid
arrangement of particles changes from being far apart and randomly arranged to less closely packed in a disorderly manner
movement of particles changes from moving randomly at high speeds to sliding over each other and moving throughout the liquid.
During cooling, liquid & solid state.
during freezing, particles lose energy and move more slowly to each other until they do not have enough energy to move about freely, and then they take up their fixed positions. liquid changes into solid.
arrangement of particles changes from less closely packed in a disorderly manner to being very closely packed in an orderly manner.
movement of particles changes from sliding over each other and moving throughout the liquid to vibrating and rotating about at their fixed positions.
why does temp. remain constant during condensation and freezing?
energy is used to compensate for the lost of heat energy to the surroundings as the particles slow down to take up their positions.
Definition of diffusion
movement of particles from a region of higher conc, to a region of lower conc.
