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NESTA Exam > Chapter 3: Kinesiology & Functional Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Kinesiology & Functional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Kinesiology?

A

The study of movement

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2
Q

What is Anterior & Posterior?

A

The front / back of body

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3
Q

What is Superior & Inferior?

A

Above / Below a reference point

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4
Q

What is Medial & Lateral?

A

Toward / Away from midline of body

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5
Q

What is Superficial & Deep?

A

Near / Far from the surface

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6
Q

What is Cephalic & Caudal

A

Towards the head / towards the tailbone

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7
Q

What is Prone & Supine?

A

Lying face down / lying face up

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8
Q

What is Sagittal Plane movement?

A

Forward and backward movement

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9
Q

What is Frontal Plane movement?

A

moving out to the side

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10
Q

What is Horizontal Plane movement?

A

rotational movement

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11
Q

What is axis movement along the horizontal plane?

A

Longitudinal Axis

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12
Q

What is axis movement along the frontal plane?

A

Anterior-Posterior Axis

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13
Q

What is axis is along the sagittal plane?

A

Coronal Axis

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14
Q

What is Extension and Flexion?

A

Extension is the bending movement in which the angle increases/extends out. Flexion is the movement in which the angle decreases.

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15
Q

What is Abduction and Adduction?

A

Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body. Adduction is movement towards the midline of the body.

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16
Q

What is External/Lateral Rotation?

A

the OUTWARD turning from neutral.

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17
Q

What is Internal/Medial Rotation?

A

the INWARD turning from neutral.

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT a plane of motion?

A. Sagittal plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Vertical plane
D. Horizontal plane

A

C. Vertical plane

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19
Q

What is the difference between anatomical position and anatomical neutral?

A. Position of the palms
B. Position of the feet
C. Position of the head
D. Position of the hips

A

A. Position of the palms

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20
Q

True or False:

Anatomical neutral is also known as the fundamental starting position.

A

True.

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21
Q

True or False:

The elbow is considered to be more proximal than the wrist.

A

True.

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22
Q

Abduction and Adduction are basic movements in the ___________ plane.

A. Sagittal
B. Horizontal
C. Frontal

A

C. Frontal

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT an anatomical descriptor?

A. Medial
B. Distal
C. Cephalic
D. Dense

A

D. Dense

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24
Q

True or False:

The knee is superior to the hip.

A

False.

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25
Q

Which of the following best describes kinesiology?

A. The scientific study of athletics
B. The scientific study of nutrition
C. The scientific study of human movement
D. The scientific study of biomechanics

A

C. The scientific study of human movement

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26
Q

Flexion and extension are basic movements in the __________________ plane.

A. Sagittal
B. Horizontal
C. Frontal

A

A. Sagittal

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27
Q

True or False:

Proximal means closer to the midline or closer to the trunk than another reference point or structure, or closer to the point of origin of a structure, such as a limb.

A

True.

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28
Q

True or False:

Distal is situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.

A

True.

Remember: Distal = Distance.
Proximal = Proximity.

29
Q

If a client externally rotates their foot, what other parts of the leg will most likely also externally rotate?

A. The ankle and patella
B. The knee and hip
C. The sacroiliac and hip joints
D. The ball and socket joints

A

B. The knee and hip

30
Q

Intervertebral discs obtain their nourishment by

A. Imbibition
B. Osmosis
C. The circulatory system
D. The renal system

A

A. Imbibition

31
Q

The ankle is a very stable joint and movements are limited to

A. Flexion and extension
B. Abduction and adduction
C. Inversion and eversion
D. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

A

D. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

32
Q

The largest synovial joint in the body is the

A. Hip
B. Shoulder
C. Knee
D. Ankle
E. Elbow

A

C. Knee

33
Q

The ligament which restricts movement of the knee to prevent anterior shearing is the

A. MCL
B. LCL
C. PCL
D. ACL

A

D. ACL

34
Q

The shoulder complex is composed of ______ bones and ________joints.

A. 4; 4
B. 4; 3
C. 3; 3
D. 3; 4

A

D. 3; 4

35
Q

True or False:

The movements of supination and pronation occur at the foot-ankle, wrist, and hip.

A

False.

36
Q

True or False:

In the foot, pronation refers to to the outward roll of the ankle, and supination refers to the inward roll of the ankle.

A

False.

Pronation - inward roll
Supination - outward roll

37
Q

The spine is divided into 5 regions. The _______ has 7 vertebrae, the __________ has 12 vertebrae, and the __________ has 5 vertebrae.

A. Sacrum, thoracic, cervical
B. Lumbar, cervical, thoracic
C. Thoracic, cervical, lumbar
D. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

A

D. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

38
Q

The spinal column has a lordotic curve at the

A. Cervical and lumbar regions
B. Thoracic and sacral regions
C. Cervical and sacral regions
D. Cervical and thoracic regions

A

A. Cervical and lumbar regions

39
Q

Intervertebral discs are more vulnerable in the _____________ position.

A. Extended
B. Flexed
C. Rotated
D. Lateral bend

A

B. Flexed

40
Q

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus re responsible for

A. Hip adduction
B. Hip abduction
C. Hip flexion
D. Hip extension

A

B. Hip abduction

41
Q

True or False:

Lower extremity muscles which are often tight and weak, and cause difficulties with progression of exercise include the gastrocnemius, soleus, anterior tibialis, and peroneus longus.

A

True

42
Q

Which of the following are muscles of the QUADRICEPS?

A. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus rectus
B. Gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus longus, anterior tibialis
C. Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
D. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, semiliganosus

A

C. Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

43
Q

Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis all perform

A. Hip flexion
B. Hip extension
C. Knee flexion
D. Knee extension

A

D. Knee extension

44
Q

Which of the following are the muscles of the HAMSTRINGS?

A. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
B. Biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
C. Rectus femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
D. Gastrocnemius, soleus, anterior tibialis

A

A. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

45
Q

Which of the following muscle actions is the gluteus maximus NOT responsible for?

A. Hip extension
B. Hip abduction
C. Hip flexion
D. Hip adduction

A

C. Hip flexion

46
Q

Muscles that act as hip extensors are

A. Rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, vastus lateralis
B. Semimembranosus, vastus lateralis, anterior tibialis, soleus
C. Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris

A

C. Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris

47
Q

Which muscle(s) both flex and rotate the spine?

A. Internal and external obliques
B. Transverse abdominis
C. Rectus and transverse abdominis
D. Quadratus lumborum

A

A. Internal and external obliques

48
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of the abdominal muscles from deep to superficial?

A. Internal obliques, rectus abdominis, external obliques, transverse abdominis
B. Quadratus lumborum, internal obliques, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis
C. Transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques
D. Transverse abdominis, internal obliques, rectus abdominis, external obliques

A

D. Transverse abdominis, internal obliques, rectus abdominis, external obliques

49
Q

True or False:

Posterior spinal muscles are multiple and complicated in structure to provide essential stability to the core.

A

True

50
Q

Which core muscle is considered the biggest stabilizer of the spine?

A. Rhomboids
B. Transverse abdominis
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Latissimus dorsi

A

B. Transverse abdominis

51
Q

True or False:

Elbow flexors are the biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, which allow the arm to flex both pronated and supinated.

A

True.

52
Q

Which of the following muscles perform forearm supination?

A. Pronator teres
B. Supinator
C. Brachioradialis
D. Brachialis

A

B. Supinator

53
Q

True or False:

The primary job of the rotator cuff is to maintain the integrity and alignment of the gleno-humeral joint.

A

True.

54
Q

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the rotator cuff?

A. Supraspinatus
B. Teres major
C. Subscapularis
D. Teres minor

A

B. Teres major

55
Q

During horizontal adduction, the pectoralis major acts in which of the following fashions?

A. Antagonist
B. Stabilizer
C. Agonist
D. Synergist

A

B. Stabilizer

56
Q

The major abductor muscles of the shoulder are

A. Middle deltoid and supraspinatus
B. Latissimus dorsi and teres major
C. Anterior deltoid and upper pectoralis major
D. Upper trapezius

A

A. Middle deltoid and supraspinatus

57
Q

True or False:

Plantar Flexion is the foot pointed downward and Dorsiflexion is the foot raised.

A

True.

58
Q

If you over pronate your foot…

A. it puts stress on the joints
B. rotates the tibia
C. puts stress on the knees
D. potentially puts stress on the hip and lower back
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

59
Q

True or False:

A lot of knee problems don’t start at the knee and lower back problems often start in the lumbo-pelvic hip complex.

A

True.

60
Q

The 5 regions of the spine, from top to bottom are:

A. Coccyx, Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum
B. Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
C. Cervical, Lumbar, Thoracic, Sacrum, Coccyx
D. Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Coccyx, Sacrum

A

B. Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

61
Q

Spinal Motions include the following:

A. Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion
B. Rotation & Pelvic Tilting
C. A and B
D. Only A
E. Only B

A

D. A and B

62
Q

The action that brings two bones together decreasing the angle between the bones is…

A. Extension
B. Flexion
C. Adduction
D. Abduction

A

B. Flexion

63
Q

The action that increases the angle between the two bones is…

A. Adduction
B. Extension
C. Flexion
D. Abduction

A

B. Extension

64
Q

The movement away from the body’s midline is….

A. External Rotation
B. Abduction
C. Adduction
D. Flexion

A

B. Abduction

65
Q

The movement towards the body’s midline is…

A. Adduction
B. Abduction
C. Internal Rotation
D. Extension

A

A. Adduction

(Hint: ADDing together)

66
Q

The Hip Flexor Muscles are:

A. Psoas Major, Semitendinosus
B. Psoas Major, Iliacus
C. Pecineus, Iliacus
D. Biceps Femoris, Rectus Femoris

A

B. Psoas Major & Iliacus

Psoas Major - starts on the trunk thorasic vertibrae and connects into the femur.

Iliacus - on the inside on the pelvis into the femur

67
Q

The Assistant Hip Flexor Muscles, which pull the leg forward are:

A. Rectus Femoris, Tensor Fascia Latae, Sartorius and Pecineus
B. Biceps Femoris, Tensor Fascia Latae, Sartorius and Pecineus
C. Pecineus, Iliacus, Gracilis,

A

A.

68
Q

The Assistant Hip Flexor Muscles, which pull the leg forward are:

A. Rectus Femoris, Tensor Fascia Latae, Sartorius and Pecineus
B. Biceps Femoris, Tensor Fascia Latae, Sartorius and Pecineus
C. Pecineus, Iliacus, Gracilis,

A

A.

NESTA Exam (9 decks)

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