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NESTA Exam > Chapter 2: Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Detraining vs Deconditioning

A

Detraining is an extended period of time between exercise sessions and performance is decreased. Deconditioning refers to the changes in the body that occur when you’re not active.

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2
Q

Overtraining is the result of:

A. Insufficient Recovery
B. Improper Exercise Planning
C. Excessive Exercise Duration
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above.

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3
Q

True or False:

The somatic nervous system controls involuntary internal functions, while the autonomic nervous system innervates skeletal muscle to create movement.

A

False.

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4
Q

The “fight or flight” system is found within the

A. Parasympathetic System.
B. Sympathetic system
C. Somatic system
D. Sensory system

A

B. Sympathetic System

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5
Q

The two major systems or divisions of the nervous system are:

A. Central and peripheral
B. Autonomic and somatic
C. Sensory and motor
D. Sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

A. Central and peripheral

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6
Q

Law of Facilitation supports the importance of:

A. Initial instruction of proper technique
B. The cognitive phase of learning
C. Benefits of repeated exercise
D. The associative phase of learning

A

A. Initial instruction of proper technique

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7
Q

Which of the following best describes a muscle tendon?

A. Attaches bone to bone
B. Attaches nerves to muscles
C. Attaches blood vessels to arteries
D. Attaches muscle to bone

A

D. Attaches muscle to bone

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8
Q

True or False:

A synergist is a muscle that opposes the concentric muscle action.

A

False.

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9
Q

Which of the following measure how quickly work is performed?

A. Relative strength
B. Absolute strength
C. Endurance
D. Power

A

D. Power

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10
Q

True or False:

Length tension relationship is significant when determining the potential strength of a muscle.

A

True

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11
Q

True or False:

Muscle soreness felt 24-48 hours after a workout is considered DOMS, whereas soreness felt beyond 48 hours is considered PEMS.

A

False

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12
Q

Type I muscle fibers are red aerobic fibers that are dominant during:

A. Sprints
B. Long, slow jogs
C. Powerlifting

A

B. Long, slow jogs

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13
Q

True or False:

Type 1 Muscle Fibers: Slow oxidative (SO) fibers contract relatively slowly and use aerobic respiration (oxygen and glucose) to produce ATP. They produce low power contractions over long periods and are slow to fatigue.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False:

Type 2A Muscle Fibers: Fast oxidative (FO) fibers have fast contractions and primarily use aerobic respiration, but because they may switch to anaerobic respiration (glycolysis), can fatigue more quickly than SO fibers.

A

True

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15
Q

Type 2B Muscle Fibers are:

A. Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers that have fast contractions and primarily use anaerobic glycolysis. The FG fibers fatigue more quickly than the others.

B. Slow oxidative (SO) fibers that contract relatively slowly and use aerobic respiration (oxygen and glucose) to produce ATP. They produce low power contractions over long periods and are slow to fatigue.

A

A. Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers that have fast contractions and primarily use anaerobic glycolysis. The FG fibers fatigue more quickly than the others.

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16
Q

Which of the following is a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue which separates and contains muscles within compartments?

A. Ligaments
B. Smooth muscle
C. Fascia
D. Fasciculi

A

C. Fascia

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17
Q

Which of the following is the lengthening of a muscle fiber against a load?

A. Concentric muscle contraction
B. Eccentric muscle contraction
C. Isometric muscle contraction
D. Isotonic muscle contraction

A

B. Eccentric muscle contraction

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT a layer of fascia that surrounds and protects the muscle fibers within a muscle?

A. Epimysium
B. Ectomysium
C. Perimysium
D. Endomysium

A

B. Ectomysium

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19
Q

_____________________ connect bone to bone.

A. Tendons
B. Muscles
C. Ligaments
D. Meniscus

A

C. Ligaments

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20
Q

A joint is best described by which of the following statements?

A. The articulation between two muscles
B. The articulation between a muscle and a bone
C. The articulation between two bones
D. A hole in the bone

A

C. The articulation between two bones

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21
Q

A joint is most vulnerable to injury when stressed in the __________ Position.

A. Loose packed
B. Closed packed

A

B. Closed packed

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22
Q

One type of diarthrodial joint is a multiaxial joint. Which statement best describes this type of joint?

A. A ball and socket
B. Allows for 2 degrees of freedom
C. Moves in two planes of movement
D. A flat surface that allows translation between two bones

A

A. A ball and socket

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

A. Support
B. Cushion
C. Protection
D. Blood cell formation

A

B. Cushion

24
Q

Which of the following places on a long bone is the site where growth of the bone occurs and is present when we are children but fuses together once the growing process is over?

A. Diaphysis
B. Endosteum
C. Periosteum
D. Epiphyseal plate

A

D. Epiphyseal plate

25
Q

Bone adapting to mechanical stress placed upon it, is known as

A. Law of Facilitation
B. Wolff’s Law
C. Newton’s Law
D. Davis’ Law

A

B. Wolff’s Law

26
Q

What is considered to be the body’s primary energy source?

A. ADP
B. PCr
C. ATP
D. Oxygen

A

C. ATP

27
Q

The term “aerobic” is best described by which of the following statements?

A. With oxygen
B. Very fast, short burst exercise
C. Without oxygen
D. Classes involving leg warmers

A

A. With oxygen

28
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A. Aerobic triple phosphates
B. Adenosine triphosphate
C. Adenosine diphosphate
D. Anaerobic triple phosphate

A

B. Adenosine triphosphate

29
Q

True or False:

VO2 max is the measurement of cardiopulmonary fitness and maximal oxygen uptake during a maximal exercise effort of 2-5 min.

A

True

30
Q

True or False:

The phosphocreatine anaerobic energy pathway is the energy system utilized by the body for a person running for 30 minutes.

A

False

31
Q

Glycolysis refers to the breakdown of which substance?

A. ATP
B. Water
C. Lactic Acid
D. Glucose

A

D. Glucose

32
Q

The ATP-PC system fuel source is

A. Glucose
B. Creatine Phosphate
C. Creatine Kinase
D. Oxygen

A

B. Creatine Phosphate

33
Q

“Redline” refers to

A. Lactate Threshold
B. Anaerobic Threshold
C. Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA)
D. Maximum Lactate Steady State (MLSS)
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

34
Q

True or False:

An indicator of an athlete’s ability to perform at high levels would be a high lactate threshold.

A

True

35
Q

The onset of blood lactate accumulation will coincide with which of the following?

A. The “burning” sensation and inability to temporarily continue muscular contractions.
B. A tight feeling in the chest as breathing continues to become labored.
C. The “tingling” sensation that causes the body to shiver.
D. The “rush of energy” the body feels after a cardiovascular workout that allows for increased muscular contractions.

A

A. The “burning” sensation and inability to temporarily continue muscular contractions.

36
Q

The ATP-PC System is utilized for:

A. Very high intensity and short duration
B. Very high intensity and long duration
C. Very low intensity and short duration
D. Very low intensity and long duration

A

A. Very high intensity and short duration

37
Q

True or False:

Aerobic energy is a primary energy system and is dominant during rest and lower intensity, long endurance events.

A

True

38
Q

The aerobic energy system is also known as

A. Aerobic oxidation
B. Oxidative Phosphorylation
C. Cellular respiration
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

39
Q

True or False:

The aerobic energy pathway is the energy system utilized by the body for a person running for 30 minutes.

A

True

40
Q

Glycolysis (anaerobic) nets only 2 ATP as end product and with the aerobic energy system every one molecule of glucose you end up with __________ATP.

A. 8-10
B. 22-24
C. 34-36
D. 48-50

A

C. 34-36

41
Q

Normal blood pressure is considered to be in the range of __________ and high blood pressure in the range of ___________.

A. 90/50 and 120/80
B. 100/60 and 190/80
C. 120/80 and 140/90
D. 160/80 and 180/100

A

C. 120/80 and 140/90

42
Q

What is the primary function of blood in the body?

A. Regulate the temperature of the body and deliver oxygen to the extremities.
B. Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body and remove carbon dioxide and waste products.
C. Deliver messages to the extremities from the central nervous system.
D. Deliver carbon dioxide and waste to the tissues of the body and remove oxygen and nutrients.

A

B. Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body and remove carbon dioxide and waste products.

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT included in the cardiovascular system?

A. Lymph nodes
B. Heart
C. Blood
D. Blood vessels

A

A. Lymph nodes

44
Q

The __________________ is the large blood vessel exiting the heart and provides blood to the body through smaller arteries.

A. Pulmonary artery
B. Inferior vena cave
C. Aorta
D. Pulmonary vein

A

C. Aorta

45
Q

What does blood pressure measure?

A. The force the blood exerts on the walls of the heart.
B. The force the heart exerts on the body.
C. The effort of the capillaries contracting as blood passes through them.
D. The force the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels.

A

D. The force the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels.

46
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the “pacemaker” of the heart?

A. Sinoatrial (SA) node
B. Atrioventricular (AV) node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers

A

A. Sinoatrial (SA) node

47
Q

Which of the following is the best description of cardiac output?

A. The efficiency of the heart to deliver oxygen to all the tissues.
B. The total amount of blood the ventricles pump from the heart per minute.
C. Heart rate x stroke volume (HR x SV)
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?

A. Capillaries
B. Veins
C. Neurons
D. Arteries

A

C. Neurons

49
Q

True or False:

Athletes are best guided to train around their anaerobic threshold level.

A

True

50
Q

Maximum heart rate minus resting heart rate is

A. Heart rate reserve
B. Training heart rate
C. Heart rate recovery
D. Heart rate variability

A

A. Heart rate reserve

51
Q

The best way to objectively measure exercise intensity is

A. Asking the client how they feel
B. Measure client’s heart rate
C. Measure client’s respiratory rate
D. Weight client

A

B. Measure client’s heart rate

52
Q

What does the Karvonen equation calculate and measure?

A. Target heart rate
B. VO2 max
C. Resting heart rate
D. Maximum heart rate

A

A. Target heart rate

53
Q

The vagus nerve, as part of the parasympathetic nervous system, when activated will ______________ the heart rate.

A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. Not effect

A

A. Decrease

54
Q

The sympathetic nervous system will _____________ the heart rate and blood pressure.

A. Decrease
B. Increase
C. Not effect

A

B. Increase

55
Q

True or False:

EPOC refers to excess post oxygen consumption.

A

True

56
Q

Increased fat burning efficiency is seen with an increase of aerobic threshold, this results in

A. Increased fat storage in muscle fiber.
B. Enhanced ability to mobilize free fatty acids.
C. Improved capacity to oxidize fat.
D. All of the above.

A

D. All of the above.

NESTA Exam (9 decks)

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