Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology I > Chapter 3: inflammation response and fever > Flashcards

Chapter 3: inflammation response and fever Flashcards

1
Q

What do neutrophils respond to?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do eosinophils respond to?

A

parasites, allergens, and neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do basophils respond to?

A

allergens and stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do mast cells respond to?

A

allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do lymphocytes respond to?

A

viral and fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

abnormal new tissue growth that is a precursor for cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the difference between acute and chronic inflammation.

A

ACUTE INFLAMMATION:
short duration, exudation of fluid and plasma proteins

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION:
proliferation of blood vessels, tissue necrosis, and fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some things that could cause acute inflammation?

A

trauma, infection, chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are a few things that are examples of chronic inflammation?

A

atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
S welling
H eat
L oss of function
R edness
P ain

may also have fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of leukocytes role in inflammation?

A

Release interleukins and tumor necrosis factor that….

affect the thermoregulatory center to inc temp (fever)

the increase heat affects CNS resulting in lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What role does the liver play in inflammation?

A

to provide fibrinogen and C-reactive protein to…

1) facilitate clotting
2) bind to pathogens
3) moderate inflammatory responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the 3 parts of the vascular stage of inflammation.

A

1) vasodilation
2) inc vascular permeability
3) plasma proteins exit and pull water

result in the cardinal signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List and describe the 4 steps of the cellular stage of inflammation.

A

1) MARGINATION and ADHESION: leukocytes (neutrophils) accumulate at site and release cytokines
2) TRANSMIGRATION: leukocytes move through vessel wall to tissue
3) CHEMOTAXIS: leukocytes follow chemical trail of inflammatory chems
4) ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the three steps of phagocytosis.

A

1) RECOGNITION and ADHESION
2) ENGULFMENT
3) INTRACELLULAR KILLING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 5 types of exudates and descriptions

A

SEROUS: clear

HEMORRHAGIC: red, severe dmg that affects vessels

FIBRINOUS: made of fibrin, less clear (cloudy). thick and sticky

MEMBRANOUS: necrotic cells in fibropurulent exudate. on mucous membranes

PURULENT: coloured (pus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the process of chronic inflammation

A

Macrophages accumulate and release inflammatory mediators

fibroblasts proliferate and create scar tissue

macrophages mass around foreign bodies

CT surrounds and isolates mass

18
Q

List four causes of chronic inflammation.

A

1) FOREIGN BODIES: asbestos, talc, surgical sutures
2) MICROORGANISMS: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites
3) INJURY: tissue around healing fracture
4) OBESITY: adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators therefore inc risk of inflammation

19
Q

What is the core body temperature?

A

36 - 37.5 degrees

20
Q

What are the core tissues that produce heat?

A

Muscles and viscera

21
Q

What are the ways to obtain a core temp?

A

1) rectal
2) oral
3) tympanic
4) esophageal
5) pulmonary artery
6) urinary catheter

22
Q

What part of the brain acts as the thermal control center?

A

hypothalamus

23
Q

What are the two ways that the body produces heat?

A 
SHIVERING:
hypothalamus impulse (SNS) resulting in inc in muscle tone and oscillating rhythmic tremor

PHYISCAL EXERTION

24
Q

What is the difference in cellular response to acute vs chronic inflammation?

A

ACUTE: abundant in neutrophils

CHRONIC: abundant in lymphocytes and macrophages

25
Q

What are the two ways that the body attempts to retain heat?

A

VASOCONSTRICTION: closing of the arteriovenous shunts

PILOMOTOR muscle contraction: raises skin hair to trap air and dec surface area avail for heat loss

26
Q

What are the 8 ways that the body loses heat?

A 
radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation
exhalation
urine/feces
heat edema
increasing HR
27
Q

With one degree rise in temp, how much is the HR expected to rise?

A

15bpm

28
Q

If the HR does not rise with an increase in temp, what might it be a sign of?

A

medication interference
neurological disease
aging

29
Q

If the HR rises greater than expected, what might it be a sign of?

A

hyperthyroidism

pulmonary emboli

30
Q

what is a pyrogen?

A

any substance that induces or mediates fever

31
Q

Explain the two types of pyrogens

A

EXOGENOUS:
from outside body; bacterial products, toxins, or whole microorganisms

ENDOGENOUS:
released by cells like phagocytes (interleukens and TNF)

32
Q

list and describe the 4 patterns of pyrexia.

A

INTERMITTANT: normal temp at least once q24hrs

REMITTANT: never returns to norm, but fluctuates

SUSTAINED/CONTINUOUS: never returns to norm and fluctuates minimally

RECURRANT/RELAPSING: episodes of fever and norm each lasting days

33
Q

What are the 4 stages of pyrexia?

A

PRODROMAL stage

CHILL stage

FLUSH stage

DEFERVESCENCE stage

34
Q

Describe the symptoms of the prodromal stage of pyrexia

A 
headache
fatigue
aches
pain
malaise
35
Q

Describe the symptoms of the chill stage of pyrexia.

A 
chilled
vasoconstriction
AV shunts close
piloerection
pale skin
rigor
36
Q

Describe the symptoms of the flush stage of pyrexia.

A

vasodilation

AV shunts open

37
Q

Describe the defervescence stage of pyrexia.

A

Temp dec to norm

sweating

38
Q

What are the 4 manifestations of pyrexia?

A

Fatigue
Anorexia
Arthralgia
Myalgia

39
Q

What is unique about inflammation and fever in the elderly?

A

they have an atypical afebrile or blunted response 20-30 per cent of the time

40
Q

What contributes to the unique fever reaction to inflammation in the elderly?

A

1) dec hypothalamus ability to recognize change in body state
2) altered release of endogenous pyrogens
3) inability to respond to set point change (dec ability to v/c, shiver, etc)

Pathophysiology I (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions