Chapter 3: Hepatics liver&hornworts

Question 1

Order of the clade (7)

Answer 1

Liverworts

Hornworts

Mosses

Lycophytes (club & spike mosses, quillworts)

Pterophytes (ferns & horsetails)

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Question 2

Division _____ also known as liverworts

Division ____ also known as hornoworts

Answer 2

Hepaticophyta - liverworts

Anthocerotophyta - hornworts

Question 3

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

____ species recorded

only major group of land plants that have NO _____ but instead have ____ that remain open

Believed to be the oldest surviving lineage

Answer 3

8000 species

NO stomata

Air pores

Question 4

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

Two growth forms ____ and ____

Each leaf cell has two to five ____ (as well as numerous chloroplasts)

Absorb water and nutrients through entire surface

Answer 4

Thallose and Leafy

Oil bodies

Question 5

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

Form single celled ____ for attachment

“____” group of plants, like most plant ancestors

Answer 5

rhizoids

“Basal”

Question 6

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

_____ common thallose liverwort

that reproduces asexually by formation of ____ (small discs of haploid tissue)

which are held by the ____ structures.

____ usually small and short-lived

Disperal facilitated by _____(_____)

Answer 6

Marchantia

Gemmae

Gemma cups

Sporophytes

Elaters (hygroscopic cells)

Question 7

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

The gametophyte of liverworts is a simple sheet-like structure called a _____ it is lobed like a liver and ______ branched

Answer 7

thallus

Dichotomously branched

Question 8

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

Vegetative reproduction (3)

Answer 8

Death and decay of thallus

Adventitious branches

Gemmae

Question 9

Liverworts, hepaticophyta:

Leaves of leafy liverworts NEVER have a ____ unlike mosses that do have them

Rhizoids of liverworts are only _____

Moss leaves are never _____

_____ occur in leaves of 90% of liverworts and NEVER mosses

Answer 9

Mid-rib

Unicellular

Lobed

Oil bodies

Question 10

Hornworts anthocerotophyta:

Has tall narrow ____ embedded in the top of the plant, shaped like a horn

As it grows longer, it split into two lengthwise releasing spores where it ____

The _____ is a simple thallus, the prior dependent on it

Answer 10

Sporophyte

dehices

Gametophyte

Question 11

To spread spores, it uses a ____

Answer 11

pseudoelater