Chapter 2: Non-Vascular Plants Flashcards
_____ Closest living relatives of land plants
_____ Adaptations of said relatives
Charophytes
Sporopollenin (polymer)
Features of Charophytes (4):
Rosette-shaped cellulose-synthesizing complex
Peroxisome enzymes
Structure of sperm
Phragmoplast
What makes land plants unique:
- _____
Two kinds of organisms:
____ & _____
Alternation of generations
Gametophyte & Sporophyte
Order of alternation of generations:
Starts with ____
which makes ____
which undergoes ____
To make ____
which undergoes ____
To make ____
Combined with one from another plant _____ occurs
To make ____
Which undergoes ____
To make ______
Starts with Meiosis
Which makes Spore
Which undergoes Mitosis
To make Gametophyte
Which undergoes Mitosis
To make Gamete
Combined with one from another plant Fertilization occurs
To make Zygote
Which undergoes Mitosis
To make Sporophyte
What makes land plants unique:
- ____ produced in ___
Walled Spores produced in Sporangia
What makes land plants unique:
- ____
Female gametophytes have ____ with ____, together called _____
Male gametophytes have ____ with ____, together called _____
Multicellular gametangia
Archegonium with Egg
Archegonia
Antheridium with Sperm
Antheridia
What makes land plants unique:
- _____
Apical Meristems
What makes land plants unique:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Alternation of generations
- Walled spores in sporangia
- Multicellular gametangia
- Apical meristems
Timeline:
Origin of land plants _____
Origin of vascular plants ____
Origin of extant seed plants ____
475 mya
420 mya
305 mya
Traits of non-vascular plants (4):
No true roots, stems, or leaves
No vascular tissues
Smal
Moist Habitat
Modern Non-Vascular Plants:
- _______
Class ____(mosses)
Class ____(Liverworts)
Class ____(Hornworts)
Bryophytes
Class Musci (mosses)
Class Hepaticae (Liverworts)
Class Anthocerotae (Hornworts)
General Characteristics of Mosses:
Mosses are the_____
Mosses lack ____ they have no ____,____or____
Mosses are _____
Mosseas are the most ancient plants
Mosses lack vascular tissue they have no true roots, stems, or leaves
Mosses are pioneer plants
General Characteristics of Mosses, mosses are the most ancient plants:
Plants that were first able to leave aquatic environment and move to land
Mosses developed from ___ as a “____” group
green alga as a “dead end” group
General Characteristics of Mosses, mosses have no vascular tissue:
Photosynthesis is usually done by leaflife blades that are usually a single cell layer thick or a sheet-like ____ that sits on ground
Some ___ have ____ for gas exchange
No _____
Thallus
Bryophytes
Stomata
No lignin
Mosses (Bryophyta):
About ____ species
Are all “____” with a ____
Produce multicellular ____
14000 species
“leafy” with a midvein
Multicellular rhizoids
Mosses (Bryophyta):
Many produce ___ on sporophytes
Typically ____ (separate male and female gametophytes)
Unbranched sporophyte with single terminal sporangium known as a ____ on an elongated stalk called ____
Stomata on sporophytes
Dioecious
Capsule
Seta
Mosses (bryophyta):
Sperm dispersal parts (3)
____ comes off and the capsule lid ____ bursts off.
A ring of teeth called the ____ which is hygroscopic and aids in spore dispersal which could have 50 million spores
Spores then germinate to form a filamentous _____
Calyptra
Operculum
Peristome
Protonema
Mosses (bryophytes):
Primitive conducting cells include:
____ Water conducting cells
____ Sap conducting cells
Hydroids
Leptoids
Reproductive structures:
______ General reproductive system
______ Contains egg, swollen base
______ found here, multiple paraphyses in multicellular filaments to attract sperm
_____ Contains sperm, on short stalks
Gametangia
Archegonium
Archegonia
Antheridia
Most basic moss life cycle:
n - _____ organism (_____)
2n - _____ organism (_____)
Most basic moss life cycle:
n - Haploid organism (gametophyte)
2n - Diploid organism (sporophyte)
Detailed moss cycle steps:
- Moss _____ grow near the ground in (_____)
- Through water, sperm from the male gametophyte will swim to the female gametophyte to create a ______
- _____ will grow from _____
- ______ will create and release _____
- _____ land and grow into new _____
- The process repeats
- MOSS GAMETOPHYTES grow near the ground in (HAPLOID STAGE)
- Through water, sperm from the male gametophyte will swim to the female gametophyte to create a DIPLOID ZYGOTE
- DIPLOID SPOROPHYTE will grow from ZYGOTE
- SPOROPHYTE will create and release HAPLOID SPORES
- HAPLOID SPORES land and grow into new GAMETOPHYTES
- The process repeats.
Life cycle: Summary:
Mosses produce 2 types of gametes (____ & ____)
_____ keep gamete cells from drying out
____ are larger with more cytoplasm and are immobile
_____ must swim through water droplets to follow chemical trails
Moss gametes form in separate reproductive structures on the gametophyte ____ & ____
Egg & sperm
Sterile cells
Egg
Flagellated sperm
Archegonium and antheridium
Life cycle: Summary:
_____ can only occur after rain
A zygote that undergoes mitosis turns into a _____
Cells inside a ____ undergoes meiosis to form ____
_____ germinate into juvenile plants called ____ which begin _____
Fertilization
sporophyte
Sporophyte capsule
Haploid spores
Haploid spores
Protonema
Gametophyte generation
Ecological importance of mosses:
- _____
Do not require any soil supplements to assist in growth and have a natural antibiotic ability to fight disease. - _____
One of the most effective on land are ____
Moss occupies ___ of land mass and is better than any plant - _____
Moss plays a major role as a solution to many problematic side effects of extreme winter weather
- Moss does not Require or produce pollutants
- Moss can Fight the Global Carbon Cycle
Sphagnum spp.
3% - Moss can Fight Stormwater drainage
Phylum Bryophyta Classes of moss (3):
Interesting types ____
Peat mosses
True mosses
Rock mosses
Luminous Moss
Moss Diversity:
Moss that looks like 3d fern
Moss that looks like fuzz ball
Moss thats like a pincushion but looks wet and has frog legs
Sheet moss
Pincushion moss
Rock cap moss
Moss Diversity:
Moss that looks like a bush of weed
Literally looks like fern with orange coloring down the line
Moss that looks almost like a fuzzball but looks like grass because of the bunching
Looks like fern again but thin and doesnt have the brown line
Lesser Smooth Cap Moss
Mountain Fern Moss
Wind Blown Moss
Log Moss
