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Plant biodiv > 2 | Chapter 5: seagrass and mangroves > Flashcards

2 | Chapter 5: seagrass and mangroves Flashcards

1
Q

Green Plant Cladogram (7)

_____

A.
_____

B.
_____

C.
____

D.
____

E.
_____

F.

G.
______

A

Charophytes

A. performs photosynthesis

Liverworts

B. Is Multicellular

Mosses

C. Reproduces Sexually

Club Mosses

D. Has Vascular tissue

Ferns

E. Has leaves with veins

Gymnosperms

F. Uses seeds to reproduce
G. Has flowers

Flowering plants

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2
Q

______
Aquatic flowering plants with a high degree of uniformity in vegetative appearance

Only group of submerged flowering plants that live entirely and exclusively in seawater

A

Seagrass

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3
Q

Parts of seagrass (bottom to top) 6:

A

Roots

Rhizomes

Shoot

Flower

Seeds

Leaves

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4
Q

Comparison of seagrass and algae:

Algae are ____ plants, while seagrass are

Seagrass have distinct below-ground parts while algae do not

Seagrass have a ____ protecting the ___ and developing leaves

A

Non-flowering plants

Leaf sheath
Apical Meristem

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5
Q

Comparison of seagrass and algae:

Sexual reproduction for algae is through ____ and seagrass is through _____,____ and _____

Asexual reproduction for algae is via _____ and seagrass is through _____(____)

A

Algae:
spores
Seagrass:
flowering, pollination and fertilization

Algae:
vegetative propagation
Seagrass: vegetative propagation (clonal growth)

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6
Q

Seagrass:

Usually grow in ___ and ___ waters around the world, typically along gently sloping protected coastlines

Found in areas light can easily penetrate (shallow, clear, and calm waters enabling photosynthesis)

Many seagrass species live in depths of ___ to ___ feet, deepest growing seagrass (_____) however, has been found at ____ feet

There are ___ seagrass species found in ____ sites in the philippines

A

salty
brackish

3 to 9 feet

Halophila decipiens
190 feet

18 seagrass species
529 sites

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7
Q

What does SEAGRASS support? Memorize

BOW

LCC (low cost carrier)

NHS (National health service)

A

BOW:
Biodiversity
Oxygen
Water Quality

LCC:
Livelihoods
Carbon Storage
Climate Resilience

NHS:
Nutrient Cycling
Habitat corridors
Shelter

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8
Q

Shortened names of the seagrasses (6):

A

CS

HD

HP

HS

HT

HU

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9
Q

Seagrasses:

CS _____

Linear ____ leaves 5-9 wide

____ leaf tip

Leaf sheath is ____

Found on ____ subtidal reef flats and sand banks

A

Cymodocea serrulata
strap-like

Serrated

broadly triangular

shallow

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10
Q

Seagrasses:

HD ______

Small____ leaf blade 1-2.5 cm long

6-8 ____

____ on both sides

Leaves usually longer than wider

Found at ____

A

Halophila decipiens
oval

cross veins

Leaf hairs

subtidal depths (> 10 m)

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11
Q

Seagrasses:

HP _____

Fine, ____ up to 20 cm long

1 ____

Black and white wein splits into two at the ____ leaf tip

Usually pale rhizome, with clean black leaf scars

Found on ____

A

Halodule pinifolia

delicate leaves

central vein

rounded

intertidal sand banks

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12
Q

Seagrasses:

HS _____

____ like

Leaves arranged in ____

Erect shoot up to 15 cm long

Found at ___

A

Halophila spinulosa

Fern

opposite pairs

subtidal depths (>10 m)

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13
Q

Seagrasses:

HT _____

Erect shoots 8-18 cm long

Leaves with ___veins

2-3 leaves at each node

Leaves ___around stem

Found at ____

Endemic to queensland, Australia

A

Halophila tricostata

3

whorl

subtidal depths (>10 m)

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14
Q

Seagrasses:

HU _____

Usually larger than Halodule pinifolia

____ leaf tip

1 central longitudinal vein

Rhizome usually pale ivory, with clean black leaf scars

____ preferred food

Found on ____ intertidal sand or mud banks

A

Halodule univervis

Trident

Dugong’s

shallows

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15
Q

Zonation limitations of seagrasses (3):

A

Salinity (species specific)

Water level (dry out if exposed)

Light availability (Need light to photosynthesize)

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16
Q

_____

Woody tree or shrub that lives along sheltered coastlines within the tropic or subtropic latitudes

grow between the highest tidal level and the same level or higher than sea level

A

Mangroves

17
Q

mangroves:

Only trees capable of tolerating large amount of salt in water known as _____

A

Halophytes

18
Q

Global distribution of mangrove forests (5)

Asia

Africa

North/Central America

Oceania

South America

A

Asia 42%

Africa 21%

North/Central America 15%

Oceania 12%

South America 11%

19
Q

Characteristics of a mangrove plant:

Dense tangling roots called ____

____ that secrete excess salt

Have aerial roots called _____

Vivipary seeds called _____

A

Prop roots

Excretion glands

Pneumatophores

Propagules

20
Q

True mangroves are characterized by _____ reproduction

True mangroves are _____, with a high salt tolerance

Mangrove associates only have a certain degree of salt tolerance which are _____

A

Viviparous reproduction

Halophytes

glycophytes

21
Q

Types of mangroves:

____ grows along the edge of the shoreline where conditions are harshest, has prop roots the same color as the name.

A

Red Mangroves

22
Q

Types of mangroves:

_____ Characterized by long horizontal roots and root-like projections known as ______. Can tolerate very high salinity.

Usually grows at elevations slightly higher that where tidal change exposes roots to air.

Bark of mangrove is dark and scaly

A

Black Mangroves

Pneumatophores

23
Q

Types of mangroves:

____ Occupies the highest land, no visible aerial roots

Typically occupies lower salinity areas

A

White mangroves

24
Q

Adaptations in mangroves are required for the following 4:

A

Physical stability

Salt Tolerance

Anaerobic sediments

Reproduction

25
Q

Terrestrial Ecosystem: (3)

A

Sediment
Nutrients
Fresh water discharge

26
Q

Mangrove ecosystem: (6)

A

Sediment Binding

Organic Matter Export

Storm Buffering

Nutrient Cycling

Habitat for diverse species

Nursing Habitat

27
Q

Marine Ecosystem (4)

A

Storm Buffering

Nutrient Cycling

Organic Matter Export

Habitat for Diverse species

Plant biodiv (12 decks)

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