2 | Chapter 7: Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants Flashcards
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
MAIN
____
derived from greed words meaning naked and seed
There are four divisions (4)
Gymnospermae
Divisions:
Pinophyta, Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
______: _____ family
- Significant economic importance for wood, paper, resins, and ornamentals
Harvested for softwood lumber
Resins are a mixture of terpenes, oils, and waxes used as waterproof coatings and sealers
Pinaceae : Pine
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____: ____ family
- 30 genera of trees including juniper, giant sequoias, and redwood
-several genera are economically important for wood, flavorings, and fragrances.
Cupressaceae : Cypress
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____: ____ family
- The ____ is the original source of the cancer drug ____
- The extracts also showed in vitro activity against ____
Taxaceae : Yew
Pacific yew
paclitaxel
Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma (KB)
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
MAIN
_____
- Flowering, seed producing plants
- THe most diverse group of land plants on Earth
Angiospermae
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____: family
- Eaten fresh or mixed into other desserts
- ____ has been linked for the compound ___ which is neurodegenerative
Annonaceae : Custard apple
Annona muricata
Annonacin
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____: ____ family
-Well-known members include Sassafras, cinnamon, avocado, and bay laurel
- Cinnamon is an ancient spice produced from the inner bark of several _____species
- Used in Egypt as early as 2000 BCE to perfume bodies for burial and anointing oils
-Ancient romans burnt cinnamon in funeral pyres
Lauraceae : Laurel
Cinnamomum
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____: _____ Family
-13 genera, most species belong to Piper or Peperomia
The woody vine ____ is the source of black pepper which is used as seasoning
_____ is considered anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, refrigerant, analgesic, antifungal, anticancer
Piperaceae : Pepper
Piper nigrum L.
Peperomia pellucida
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____ : ____ Family
In Hawaii, taro corms _____ are steamed, crushed, and fermented to produce poi
They are rich in the soluble starch ____
Extract form corm is widely used for treatment of body ache and baldness
Araceae : Taro
Colocasia esculenta
amylose
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____: _____ Family
Several species from the type genus ____ have economic importance as vegetablese including onions, garlic, and chives
In the Philippines, bulbs used for hypertension. Also used as diuretic, and eaten fresh or burned for coughs in children
Amaryllidaceae : Amaryllis
Allium
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
Tulips and lilies are the best-known members.
Fritillaria are used as an antitussive and expectorant
Liliaceae : Lily
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____: ____ Family
_____ is used to make Jamaican sarsaparilla while other are used to make similar root beers and herbal drinks
Ornata was used traditionally in America and Europe to treat syphilis
Smilacaceae : Smilax
Smilax ornata
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____: _____ Family
The second largest flowering plant family, with 899 genera and over 27, 500 species
Several species are valued for their fragrance, and there are few medicinal ones worth noting, especially species that produce alkaloids
Used in ceremonial traditions of various cultures
Orchidaceae : orchid
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
Has several genera with ethnobotanical significance including Agave, Yucca, Aloe, and Asparagus
Tequila is mostly produced from the ____, A. tequilana which is native to Jalisco, Mexico
In the Philippines, Aloe vera is mixed with gogo to prevent hair loss
Asparagaceae : Asparagus
blue agave
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
Mesopotamians cultivated dates over 5000 years ago from ____
Mayans used Cohune palm kernel oil for cooking, lamp oil, and making soap
The copra of ____ is dried and pressed to produce coconut oil, often used in cooking and personal care products
Arecaceae : Palm
Pheonix dactylifera
Cocos nucifera
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
Most are epiphytic or xerophytice terrestrial herbs native to the New World tropics
Olmecs, Incas, Aztecs, Mayas, and other Native Americans used it for food, fiber, medicine, and as ceremonial headdresses
Pineapples contain ____ a protease used commercially as a meat tenderizer
Bromeliaceae : Pineapple
Bromelain
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : _____ Family
It is considered the most economically important plant family on earth
Poaceae provides food, fuel, building materials, and forage for animals
Domestication of grass species, especially wheat, corn, rice, rye, barley, millet, oats, and sugarcane
Poaceae : Grass
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____ : ____ Family
This small family with only two genera (Ensete and Musa) is best known for its edible fruit and fibers
_____ is a species of banana native to the Philippines. Also known as _____, it has great economic importance, being harvested for its fiber
Musaceae : Banana
Abaca (Musa textilis)
Manila hemp
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____ : ____ Family
Plants in this family are valued as ornamentals, aromatic spices and medicine, especially as stimulants and carminatives
Rhizomes from ginger and turmeric are some of the best known spices from this family. They have been used medicinally for a range of disorders from GI issues to inflammatory disorders and infection
Zingiberaceae : Ginger
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : _____ Family
_____ is a narcotic depressant deprived from the seedpod of a poppy (Papaver Somniferum). As a primary source of morphine and codeine, it is commonly used as an analgesic painkiller.
As early as 3400 BCE, opium poppies were cultivated in Mesopotamia. The sumerians, Assyrians, and the Egyptians all grew poppies. Eventually, trade routes were established, spreading the knowledge of opium to Europe
Papaveraceae : Poppy
Opium
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____ : ____ Family
The genus vitis supplies the world with grapes for wine, fresh consumption, and raisins.
Grapes were domesticated sometime during the Neolithic period in the mountains of Georgia
Vitaceae : Grape
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____ : _____ Family
The South Amerian shrub ____ is the source of coca leaves used to make the recreational drug cocaine. Chewing or drinking coca tea was and still is popular amongst native South Americans
Coca leaf extract was part of the formula of Coca-Cola up until the early twentieth century
Erythroxylaceae : Coca
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
_____ (purple mangosteen) is a popular edible fruit in Southeast Asia. It can be eaten fresh or made into a juice. The rinds are sometimes steeped into a tea or made into an ointment for skin conditions.
It has anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antioxidant, and other medicinal properties.
Clusiaceae : Mangosteen
Garcinia mangostana L.
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
____ is native to Brazil and was used by indigenous people of the Amazon and Mesoamerica to make rubber balls, shoes, and waterproof clothes
____ is a starchy tuberous root cultivated as a stable crop in many tropical and subtropical areas , including its native South America.
Euphorbiaceae : Spurge Family
Hevea brasiliensis
Cassava
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
Excompasses over 800 species of plants known collectively as gourds or cucurbits. These include cucumbers, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, squash, and many others.
_____ has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, antimelanogenic, anti-adipogenic properties based on studies
Cucurbitaceae : Gourd
Ampalaya (Momorcida charantia)
Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
____ : ____ Family
In the Philippines, macerated fresh leaves of _____ are applied externally to burns
____ is a herb used for cooking and medicinal purposes
Lamiaceae : Mint Family
oregano (Origanum vulgare)
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
