2 | Chapter 7: Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants

Question 1

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

MAIN
____
derived from greed words meaning naked and seed

There are four divisions (4)

Answer 1

Gymnospermae

Divisions:
Pinophyta, Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta

Question 2

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

______: _____ family

• Significant economic importance for wood, paper, resins, and ornamentals

Harvested for softwood lumber

Resins are a mixture of terpenes, oils, and waxes used as waterproof coatings and sealers

Answer 2

Pinaceae : Pine

Question 3

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____: ____ family

• 30 genera of trees including juniper, giant sequoias, and redwood

-several genera are economically important for wood, flavorings, and fragrances.

Answer 3

Cupressaceae : Cypress

Question 4

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____: ____ family

• The ____ is the original source of the cancer drug ____
• The extracts also showed in vitro activity against ____

Answer 4

Taxaceae : Yew

Pacific yew
paclitaxel

Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma (KB)

Question 5

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
MAIN
_____

• Flowering, seed producing plants
• THe most diverse group of land plants on Earth

Answer 5

Angiospermae

Question 6

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____: family

• Eaten fresh or mixed into other desserts
• ____ has been linked for the compound ___ which is neurodegenerative

Answer 6

Annonaceae : Custard apple

Annona muricata

Annonacin

Question 7

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____: ____ family

-Well-known members include Sassafras, cinnamon, avocado, and bay laurel

• Cinnamon is an ancient spice produced from the inner bark of several _____species
• Used in Egypt as early as 2000 BCE to perfume bodies for burial and anointing oils
  -Ancient romans burnt cinnamon in funeral pyres

Answer 7

Lauraceae : Laurel

Cinnamomum

Question 8

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____: _____ Family

-13 genera, most species belong to Piper or Peperomia

The woody vine ____ is the source of black pepper which is used as seasoning

_____ is considered anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, refrigerant, analgesic, antifungal, anticancer

Answer 8

Piperaceae : Pepper

Piper nigrum L.

Peperomia pellucida

Question 9

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____ : ____ Family

In Hawaii, taro corms _____ are steamed, crushed, and fermented to produce poi

They are rich in the soluble starch ____

Extract form corm is widely used for treatment of body ache and baldness

Answer 9

Araceae : Taro

Colocasia esculenta

amylose

Question 10

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____: _____ Family

Several species from the type genus ____ have economic importance as vegetablese including onions, garlic, and chives

In the Philippines, bulbs used for hypertension. Also used as diuretic, and eaten fresh or burned for coughs in children

Answer 10

Amaryllidaceae : Amaryllis

Allium

Question 11

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

Tulips and lilies are the best-known members.

Fritillaria are used as an antitussive and expectorant

Answer 11

Liliaceae : Lily

Question 12

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____: ____ Family

_____ is used to make Jamaican sarsaparilla while other are used to make similar root beers and herbal drinks

Ornata was used traditionally in America and Europe to treat syphilis

Answer 12

Smilacaceae : Smilax

Smilax ornata

Question 13

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____: _____ Family

The second largest flowering plant family, with 899 genera and over 27, 500 species

Several species are valued for their fragrance, and there are few medicinal ones worth noting, especially species that produce alkaloids

Used in ceremonial traditions of various cultures

Answer 13

Orchidaceae : orchid

Question 14

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

Has several genera with ethnobotanical significance including Agave, Yucca, Aloe, and Asparagus

Tequila is mostly produced from the ____, A. tequilana which is native to Jalisco, Mexico

In the Philippines, Aloe vera is mixed with gogo to prevent hair loss

Answer 14

Asparagaceae : Asparagus

blue agave

Question 15

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

Mesopotamians cultivated dates over 5000 years ago from ____

Mayans used Cohune palm kernel oil for cooking, lamp oil, and making soap

The copra of ____ is dried and pressed to produce coconut oil, often used in cooking and personal care products

Answer 15

Arecaceae : Palm

Pheonix dactylifera

Cocos nucifera

Question 16

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

Most are epiphytic or xerophytice terrestrial herbs native to the New World tropics

Olmecs, Incas, Aztecs, Mayas, and other Native Americans used it for food, fiber, medicine, and as ceremonial headdresses

Pineapples contain ____ a protease used commercially as a meat tenderizer

Answer 16

Bromeliaceae : Pineapple

Bromelain

Question 17

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : _____ Family

It is considered the most economically important plant family on earth

Poaceae provides food, fuel, building materials, and forage for animals

Domestication of grass species, especially wheat, corn, rice, rye, barley, millet, oats, and sugarcane

Answer 17

Poaceae : Grass

Question 18

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____ : ____ Family

This small family with only two genera (Ensete and Musa) is best known for its edible fruit and fibers

_____ is a species of banana native to the Philippines. Also known as _____, it has great economic importance, being harvested for its fiber

Answer 18

Musaceae : Banana

Abaca (Musa textilis)
Manila hemp

Question 19

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:
_____ : ____ Family

Plants in this family are valued as ornamentals, aromatic spices and medicine, especially as stimulants and carminatives

Rhizomes from ginger and turmeric are some of the best known spices from this family. They have been used medicinally for a range of disorders from GI issues to inflammatory disorders and infection

Answer 19

Zingiberaceae : Ginger

Question 20

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : _____ Family

_____ is a narcotic depressant deprived from the seedpod of a poppy (Papaver Somniferum). As a primary source of morphine and codeine, it is commonly used as an analgesic painkiller.

As early as 3400 BCE, opium poppies were cultivated in Mesopotamia. The sumerians, Assyrians, and the Egyptians all grew poppies. Eventually, trade routes were established, spreading the knowledge of opium to Europe

Answer 20

Papaveraceae : Poppy

Opium

Question 21

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____ : ____ Family

The genus vitis supplies the world with grapes for wine, fresh consumption, and raisins.

Grapes were domesticated sometime during the Neolithic period in the mountains of Georgia

Answer 21

Vitaceae : Grape

Question 22

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

_____ : _____ Family

The South Amerian shrub ____ is the source of coca leaves used to make the recreational drug cocaine. Chewing or drinking coca tea was and still is popular amongst native South Americans

Coca leaf extract was part of the formula of Coca-Cola up until the early twentieth century

Answer 22

Erythroxylaceae : Coca

Question 23

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

_____ (purple mangosteen) is a popular edible fruit in Southeast Asia. It can be eaten fresh or made into a juice. The rinds are sometimes steeped into a tea or made into an ointment for skin conditions.

It has anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antioxidant, and other medicinal properties.

Answer 23

Clusiaceae : Mangosteen

Garcinia mangostana L.

Question 24

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

____ is native to Brazil and was used by indigenous people of the Amazon and Mesoamerica to make rubber balls, shoes, and waterproof clothes

____ is a starchy tuberous root cultivated as a stable crop in many tropical and subtropical areas , including its native South America.

Answer 24

Euphorbiaceae : Spurge Family

Hevea brasiliensis

Cassava

Question 25

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

Excompasses over 800 species of plants known collectively as gourds or cucurbits. These include cucumbers, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, squash, and many others.

_____ has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, antimelanogenic, anti-adipogenic properties based on studies

Answer 25

Cucurbitaceae : Gourd

Ampalaya (Momorcida charantia)

Question 26

Taxonomy of ethnobotanical plants:

____ : ____ Family

In the Philippines, macerated fresh leaves of _____ are applied externally to burns

____ is a herb used for cooking and medicinal purposes

Answer 26

Lamiaceae : Mint Family

oregano (Origanum vulgare)

Peppermint (Mentha piperita)