Chapter 3: Helping Theories

Question 1

Helping relationships are most effective when:

Answer 1

• the helper believes in theoretical approach
• the helper and helped are in agreement about the goals
• there is a strong helping relationship

Question 2

Helping theories for working with others:

Answer 2

Similar to developmental theories but differ in idea

Question 3

Insights free clients from the effects that past conflicts have not heir present behaviors and relationships

A strong relationship creates a safe space for clients to have a “corrective emotional experience”

Answer 3

Psychodynamic approaches

Question 4

A model that is based on attachment theory

Caregiver responsiveness during infancy and early childhood creates attachment bonds that model future relationships

Answer 4

ARC Model

Question 5

Helping caregivers be a “secure base” for children

Answer 5

Attunement

Question 6

Working with children or with caregivers on awareness of emotion, identification of triggers, modeling emotions with cognitive and communication skills, and emotional tolerance

Answer 6

Regulation

Question 7

Executive functioning skills and decision making

Answer 7

Competency

Question 8

The core conditions of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence are essential in creating a therapeutic relationship

Helping develop self-awareness through non-directive interventions and through open and honest questions

Answer 8

Humanistic approaches

Question 9

Create a helping relationship that centers on unconditional positive regard, congruence, and empathy

Answer 9

Roger’s client-centered

Question 10

Guide the helpee to develop an awareness of sensory input and bodily sensations in the present (to refrain from thinking about the past) and to practice acceptance

Answer 10

Mindfulness and Gestalt

Question 11

Expose ways that people become
immobilized by “existential anxiety,”
understand the subjective experience
and explore existential themes

Answer 11

Existentialism

Question 12

Promote overall well-being and fulfillment rather than addressing specific problems

Answer 12

Positive psychology

Question 13

Stimulate and reinforce positive behaviors

Answer 13

Behavioral interventions

Question 14

The study of the significance of a particular behavior in a particular setting

Answer 14

Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)

Question 15

Baseline tool used to identify antecedents and consequences for behaviors

Answer 15

Functional Behavioral Analysis (FBA)

Question 16

Assists individuals in becoming aware of
inaccurate or negative thinking,
challenging their view of their situation
and encouraging more effective
responses

Answer 16

Behavioral interventions: Cognitive-behavioral theory

Question 17

Cognitive-behavioral theories propose that difficulties emerge in relation to three domains:

Answer 17

1) the way person thinks
2) the way a person feels or reacts emotionally
3) the way a person acts

Question 18

Systems change (advocacy)

Promoting autonomy and agency

Deconstruction

An egalitarian and collaborative relationship

Transparency

Creation of desired narratives

Answer 18

Contemporary approaches

Question 19

Proposed the idea that when individuals and groups are labeled, people then internalize the labels applied to them

Answer 19

Howard Becker: Labelling theory

Question 20

The label might cause labeled people to act in a way consistent with the label

Answer 20

Self-fulfilling prophecy