Chapter 3 - 'Glial Cells' Flashcards
Glial Cells:
Size comparison to neurons? Ratio of neurons to glia? Other differences in glia to neurons?
Glial cells are smaller than neurons. Approximately 1:10 for every neuron.
Can readily divide and multiply.
Cannot generate or carry an action potential.
List 4 types of glial cells covered
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocyte
Microgliag
Schwann Cell
Appearance of Astrocytes? (Including size comparison)
What do they do? (6 things)
Size comparison to other glia?
Star shaped appearance. Largest glia cell.
Provide structural support for neurons by holding them in place.
Nutritional support by regulating local blood flow.
Secrete chemicals that keep neurons healthy.
Assist recovery of damaged neurons.
Involved with the formation of new connections to other neurons.
Forms blood brain barrier which blocks entry of various substances.
What is the microglia’s main function?
What else do they do? (3 things)
Act as immune system cells by protecting neurons from intruders by identifying and devouring them.
Also monitor the health of the brain.
Also help in repair of brain cells.
Also eliminate foreign matter such as debris and remains of dead neurons.
What is the main role of Oligodendrocytes?
How is this beneficial?
What else do they do?
To insulate neurons by forming and maintaining the myelin sheath surrounding the axon.
It prevents adjacent neurons from short circuiting.
Also speeds up process of communication.
Absorb chemicals that the neuron secretes and secretes chemicals that the neuron absorbs.
What do Schwann cells do?
They form the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.
What are glial cells?
What do they do?
Glial cells are specialised cells which provide insulation, nutrients and support for neural function as well as aiding repair of neurons and eliminating waste materials.
