Chapter 3: Geography of Population and Migration Flashcards
age-sex pyramid
representation of the population based on its composition according to age and sex.
agricultural density
the ratio between the number if agriculturists per unit of farmable land in a specific area
amenity migration
which the migrant seeks not necessarily employment, but cultural, environmental, or social benefits in a new country or city.
arithmetic density
baby boom
populations that contain a high proportion of old people born between 1946-1964.
census
a count of the number of people in a country, region or city.
cohort
a group of individuals who share a common temporal demographic experience.
crude birthrate (CBR)
the ratio of the number of live births in a single year for every thousand people in the population
crude death rate (CDR)
the ratio of the number of deaths in one year to every thousand people in the population.
crude density
the total number of individuals or biomass per unit of the total space.
demographic transition
is a model of population change in which high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth and death rates
demography
the study of the characteristics of human populations
density
a numerical measure of the relationship of and another unit of interest expressed as a ratio
dependency ratio
a measure of the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members of the population.
doubling time
is a measure of how long it will take the population of an area to grow to twice its current size.
emigration
Moving from a location (E stands for Exit)
forced migration
Where migration occurs against the individual’s will
gross migration
the total number of mi- grants moving into and out of a place, region, or country.
guest workers
laborers given temporary visas to work for limited periods of time
health density
the ratio of the number of physicians to the total populations.
health geography
starts with health as an initial condition and focuses on the dynamic relationship between health, people, and place. For example, health geographers consider race, class, ethnicity, and gender and how it affects or is affected by place
immigration
Moving to a particular location.
infant mortality rate
the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared to the total number of live births for that same year. An important indicator both of the adequacy of a country’s health care system and of the general population’s access to health care.
internally displaced persons (IDP’s)
the number of individuals who are uprooted within the boundaries of their own country because of conflict or human rights abuse.
internal migration
Moves occurring within a particular country or region.
international migration
moving from one country to another.
life expantancy
the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
medical geography
a subarea of the discipline that specializes in understanding the spatial distribution and extent of disease and illness as well as health care access and delivery.
middle cohort
consists of those members of the population aged 15 to 64, who are considered economically active and productive.
migration
a long distance move to a new location. Migration involves a permanent or temporary change of residence from one neighborhood or settlement to another.
mobility
the ability to move from one place to another either permanently or temporarily. Varies between moving from a suburb to a city or from one side of the Globe the other. Captures both the individual or population migrations. Moving is done freely and easily.
natural decrease
he deficit of births relative to deaths.
natural increase
the surplus of births over deaths.
net migration
the gain or loss in the total population of that area as a result of the migration.
non-communicable disease
Non-infectious or not transmissible among people, the four main types of NCDs are cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and diabetes.
nutritional density
the ratio between the total population and the amount of land under cultivation in a given unit of area.
obesity
is a medical condition in which excess body fat may cause health complications, leading to reduced life expectancy.
old-age cohort
consists of those members of the population aged 65 and older, who are considered beyond their economically active and productive years.
population policy
is an official government strategy designed to affect any or all of several objectives, including the size, composition, and distribution of population.
pull factors
are forces of attraction that influence migrants to move to a particular location
push factors
are events and conditions that impel an individual to move from a location.
refugees
Individuals who cross national boundaries to seek safety and asylum
total fertility rate (TFR)
is a measure of the average number of children a woman will have throughout the years that demographers have identified as her childbearing years, approximately ages 15 through 49
transnational migrant
migrants which set up homes and/or work in more than one country.
undocumentend workers
individuals who arrive in the country without official entry visas and are considered by the government to be in the country illegally
vital records
reports of births, deaths marriages, divorces and the incidence of certain infectious diseases.
voluntary migration
an individual chooses to move.
youth cohort
consists of those members of the population who are less than 15 years of age and generally considered to be too young to be fully active in the labor force.
zoonotic disease
transmissible from animals to humans—they include diseases familiar in the global North, including swine fever, mad cow disease, rabies, West Nile virus, dengue fever, and Hantavirus, diseases known in the global South, including river blindness (Onchocerciasis), sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), yellow fever, and Lassa fever.
zoonoses
synonym for a zoonotic disease.
