Chapter 12: City Spaces and Urban Infrastructure Flashcards
beaux arts
a style of urban design that sought to combine the best elements of all of the classic architectural styles.
central business district (CBD
the central nucleus of commercial land uses
in a city.
central cities
the original, core jurisdictions of metropolitan areas
congregation
the territorial and residential clustering of specific groups or subgroups of peopl
cycle of poverty
the transmission of poverty and deprivation from one gener- ation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local, neighborhood conditions.
dualism
the juxtaposition in geographic space of the formal and informal sectors of the economy.
edge cities
nodal concentrations of shopping and office space situated on the outer fringes of metropolitan areas, typically near major highway intersections.
fiscal squeeze
increasing limitations on city revenues, combined with increasing demands for expenditure.
gentrification
invasion of older, centrally located, working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences.
ghettos
an area of a city inhabited by a minority group, sometimes by choice but
informal sector
economic activities that take place beyond official record, not subject to formalized systems of regulation or remuneration
isotropic surface
hypothetical, uniform plain that is flat and has no variations in its physical attributes.
metrourbia
suburban and exurban areas where residential settings are thoroughly interspersed with office employment and high-end retailing
Modern movement
architectural movement based on the idea that buildings
and cities should be designed and run like machines.
redlining
practice whereby lending institutions delimit “bad-risk” neighborhoods on a city map and then use the map as the basis for determining loans.
segregation
spatial separation of specific population subgroups within a
wider population.
sprawl
the unplanned, ad hoc nature of most suburban development destroys millions of acres of wildlife habitat and agricultural land every year.
squatter settlement
residential developments that occur on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.
trade-off model
a modified urban land-use model that describes how poorer households, unable to afford the recurrent costs of transportation, trade off living space for accessibility to jobs and end up in high-density areas, at expensive locations, near their low-wage jobs.
underemployement
situation in which people work less than full-time even though they would prefer to work more hours
urban realms
semiautonomous subregions that displaced the simple core- periphery relationship between city centers and their suburbs.
Zone in Transition
area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD
