Chapter 12: City Spaces and Urban Infrastructure

Question 1

beaux arts

Answer 1

a style of urban design that sought to combine the best elements of all of the classic architectural styles.

Question 2

central business district (CBD

Answer 2

the central nucleus of commercial land uses
in a city.

Question 3

central cities

Answer 3

the original, core jurisdictions of metropolitan areas

Question 4

congregation

Answer 4

the territorial and residential clustering of specific groups or subgroups of peopl

Question 5

cycle of poverty

Answer 5

the transmission of poverty and deprivation from one gener- ation to another through a combination of domestic circumstances and local, neighborhood conditions.

Question 6

dualism

Answer 6

the juxtaposition in geographic space of the formal and informal sectors of the economy.

Question 7

edge cities

Answer 7

nodal concentrations of shopping and office space situated on the outer fringes of metropolitan areas, typically near major highway intersections.

Question 8

fiscal squeeze

Answer 8

increasing limitations on city revenues, combined with increasing demands for expenditure.

Question 9

gentrification

Answer 9

invasion of older, centrally located, working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences.

Question 10

ghettos

Answer 10

an area of a city inhabited by a minority group, sometimes by choice but

Question 11

informal sector

Answer 11

economic activities that take place beyond official record, not subject to formalized systems of regulation or remuneration

Question 12

isotropic surface

Answer 12

hypothetical, uniform plain that is flat and has no variations in its physical attributes.

Question 13

metrourbia

Answer 13

suburban and exurban areas where residential settings are thoroughly interspersed with office employment and high-end retailing

Question 14

Modern movement

Answer 14

architectural movement based on the idea that buildings
and cities should be designed and run like machines.

Question 15

redlining

Answer 15

practice whereby lending institutions delimit “bad-risk” neighborhoods on a city map and then use the map as the basis for determining loans.

Question 16

segregation

Answer 16

spatial separation of specific population subgroups within a
wider population.

Question 17

sprawl

Answer 17

the unplanned, ad hoc nature of most suburban development destroys millions of acres of wildlife habitat and agricultural land every year.

Question 18

squatter settlement

Answer 18

residential developments that occur on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.

Question 19

trade-off model

Answer 19

a modified urban land-use model that describes how poorer households, unable to afford the recurrent costs of transportation, trade off living space for accessibility to jobs and end up in high-density areas, at expensive locations, near their low-wage jobs.

Question 20

underemployement

Answer 20

situation in which people work less than full-time even though they would prefer to work more hours

Question 21

urban realms

Answer 21

semiautonomous subregions that displaced the simple core- periphery relationship between city centers and their suburbs.

Question 22

Zone in Transition

Answer 22

area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD