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Radt 1303 Physics > Chapter 3 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

an electric and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

properties of electromagnetic radiation

A

Can exist apart from matter
Is a form of energy that originates from the atom
Can travel through a vacuum

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3
Q

a way of ordering or grouping the different electromagnetic radiations

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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4
Q

Have the same velocity (the speed of light 3 x 10^8 m/s)
Vary only in their energy, wavelength, and frequency

A

properties of electromagnetic spectrum

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5
Q

all EM radiation diverges from the source spreading the intensity of the radiation over a larger area

A

Divergent rays

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6
Q

______ = flow per second (# of protons)

A

energy

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7
Q

As x-rays travel their intensity _______

A

decreases

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8
Q

inverse square law

A

I1 (d2)^2
— = ———-
I2 (d1)^2

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9
Q

what do the I and d represent in the inverse square law?

A

I = intensity (luminosity)
d = distance

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10
Q

EM radiation exhibits properties of a wave or particle depending on its energy

A

wave-particle duality (E=mc^2)

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11
Q

distance between waves

A

wavelength

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12
Q

how often the waves occur

A

frequency

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13
Q

how tall the waves are

A

amplitude

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14
Q

the relationship between wavelength and frequency is ______

A

inverse

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15
Q

frequency is expressed in:
(one cycle per second)

A

hertz (Hz)

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16
Q

wavelength or frequency formula

A

velocity = frequency x wavelength (v=fλ)

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17
Q

at the low end of the spectrum
used in MRI
non-ionizing radiation

A

radiowaves

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18
Q

ionizing radiation creates a:

A

permanent change

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19
Q

non-ionizing radiation creates a:

A

temporary change

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20
Q

positively charged beta particle is called a:

A

positron

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21
Q

x-ray cannot get through, it is absorbed
ex: bone

A

radiopaque

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22
Q

x-ray can get through, it is not absorbed
ex: soft tissue

A

radiolucent

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23
Q

_____ and _____ are used for imaging in radiology and nuclear medicine

A

x-ray, gamma rays

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24
Q

has the ability to ionize matter

A

x-rays and gamma rays

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25
Q

all electromagnetic radiation is very similar in that it has no mass, carries energy in waves as electric and magnetic disturbances in space, and travels at the speed of light

A

james maxwell’s theory

26
Q

All members of the electromagnetic spectrum have the same _______ (the speed of light or
3 x 10^8 m/s) and vary only in their ______, _______, and _______.

A

velocity, energy, wavelength, frequency

27
Q

Members of electromagnetic spectrum from lowest to highest energy

A

Radiowaves
Microwaves
Infrared light
Visible light
Ultraviolet light
X-rays
Gamma rays

28
Q

Wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum range from ____ to ____ meters (m)

A

10^6 to 10^-16

29
Q

Frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum range from ____ to ____ hertz (Hz)

A

10^2 to 10^24

30
Q

Energy on the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from ____ to ____ electron volts (eV)

A

10^-12 to 10^10

31
Q

Energy of electromagnetic radiation can be calculated by:

A

E = hf

32
Q

E = hf

A

E is energy
h is Planck’s constant (4.135 x 10^15 eV sec; 6.626 x 10^-34 J sec)
f is the frequency of the photon

33
Q

as frequency increases, so does ______

A

energy

34
Q

the idea that there are two equally correct ways to describe electromagnetic radiation

A

Wave-particle duality

35
Q

refers to the maximum height of a wave

A

Amplitude

36
Q

velocity = frequency x wavelength (v=fλ)
v gets replaced with:

A

c (constant symbol for speed of light: 3 x 10^8 m/s)

37
Q

when a photon possesses sufficient energy it can remove electrons from the orbit of atoms during interactions

A

Ionization

38
Q

removal of an electron from the atom
The atom and electron that was removed from it are called an ion pair

A

properties of ionization

39
Q

originate in the nuclei of atoms and represent the excess energy the atom is giving off to reach a stable state

A

gamma rays

40
Q

originate through interactions between electrons and atoms

A

x-rays

41
Q

a low-energy, electromagnetic radiation just above microwaves

A

infrared light

42
Q

represents the colors visible to the human eye

A

visible light

43
Q

has energies approaching those of x-rays and gamma rays
Can be harmful and routine exposure has been demonstrated to cause skin cancer

A

ultraviolet light

44
Q

physical particles originating from radioactive atoms and have the energy to ionize matter

A

Particulate radiation (alpha and beta particles)

45
Q

the process by which an atom with excess energy in its nucleus emits particles and energy to regain stability

A

Radioactivity

46
Q

the process of a radioactive element giving off excess energy and particles to regain stability

A

Radioactive decay

47
Q

the length of time it takes for half the remaining atoms in a quantity of a particular radioactive element to decay

A

Half-life

48
Q

The measure of radioactive decay is the

A

Becquerel (curie)

49
Q

two protons bound to two neutrons

A

alpha particle

50
Q

an electron that is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it does not originate in an electron shell
Have much larger range and may ionize many atoms along their path

A

beta particle

51
Q

_______ charged beta particles differ from electrons only in that it originated in the nucleus and not an orbital shell

A

negatively

52
Q

As the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation decreases, wavelength will:

A

increase

53
Q

Which of the following members of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to ionize matter?

A

X-rays

54
Q

Which of the following is not within the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation?

A

10^-24

55
Q

Which member of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?

A

radiowaves

56
Q

A diagnostic x-ray photon has a frequency of 2.42 x 10^19 Hz. What is its wavelength?

A

1.24 x 10^-11 m

57
Q

A photon has a wavelength of 3 x 10^-12 m. What is its frequency?

A

1 x 10^20 Hz

58
Q

Which of the following do not originate from an unstable nucleus?

A

X-rays

59
Q

How much activity will remain in a dose of 20 mCI 99mTC after 24 hours? (the physical half-life of 99mTc is 6 hours)

A

1.25 mCi

60
Q

The intensity of a source at 15 inches is 10 R. What will the intensity be at 45 inches?

A

1.11 R

61
Q

The intensity of a source is 25 R at 40 inches. What will the intensity be at 20 inches?

A

100 R

Radt 1303 Physics (8 decks)

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