Chapter 1 Exam Flashcards
Who was discovered x-rays and was credited for it?
Dr. Wilhelm Roentgen
What was used during the discovery of x-rays?
Crookes cathode ray tube
When was the first x-ray image taken?
December 22, 1895
Who devised fluoroscope for real-time x-ray?
Thomas Edison
Who was the first fatality from x-ray?
Clarence Daily
What does ALARA stands for?
as low as reasonably achievable
quality/penetration/power
reduced patient dose
kVp
quantity (how many x-rays)
increased patient dose
mAs
mAs x time = # of x-rays (mass)
What are the fundamental quantities?
mass, length, time
What are derived quantities?
velocity, acceleration
What are the radiologic quantities?
Roentgen (R)
What is the term for radiation burns?
acute radiodermatitis
radiation with sufficient energy to ionize atoms
ionizing radiation
equal to distance traveled, divided by the time necessary to cover that distance
velocity
formula & unit of measure for velocity
v = d/t
meters per second squared (m/s^2)
found by subtracting the initial velocity of an object from its final velocity and dividing that value by the time used
acceleration
formula & unit of measure for acceleration
a = (Vf - Vo) / t
meters per second squared (m/s^2)
a push, a pull, or other action that changes the motion of an object. it is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration
force
formula & unit of measure for force
F = ma
meters per second squared (m/s^2)
equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its velocity
momentum
formula & unit of measure for momentum
p = mv
kilograms-meter per second (kg-m/s)
an expression of the force applied to an object multiplied by the distance across which it is applied
work
formula & unit of measure for work
work = Fd
joule (J)
equal to work divided by time during which work is done
power
the property of an object with mass that resists a change in its state of motion. mass is a measure of the amount of inertia that a body possesses
inertia
simply the ability to do work
energy
energy in a stored state; ability to do work by virtue of state or position
potential energy
energy being expended; act of doing work
kinetic energy
a form of energy that exists as an electrical and magnetic disturbance in space
electromagnetic energy
a measure of the number of electrons liberated by ionization per kilogram of air
Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)
the unit for absorbed dose
Gray (Gy)
used to quantify occupational exposure or dose equivalent
Sievert (Sv)
used to quantify radioactivity
Becquerel (Bq)
Rad
radiation absorbed dose
Rem
radiation equivalent man
what does Kerma stand for?
kinetic energy released per unit mass
What is Kerma?
used to describe the quantity of radiation of released in air
what is the unit measure for Kerma?
Joules/kg or Gray (Gy)
What are the two electrodes used in the x-ray tube?
anode (positive, over head of table)
cathode (negative, over foot of table)
What is the date of the discovery of x-rays?
November 8, 1895
A radiographer’s dosimetry report is expressed in:
mSv
According to the basic principles of radiation protection, a radiographer should minimize:
time
Anything that occupies space and has shape or from is:
matter
What is the radiation intensity that will produce 2.08 x 10^9 ion pairs in 1cm^3 of air?
roentgen (R)
What is the work done if 35 N of force is applied to move a patient 0.5m?
17.5 J
The curie is an expression of:
Quantity of radioactive material
X-ray examinations of the lower abdomen and pelvis of women in reproductive years should be limited to:
The 10 days after onset of menstruation
What is the power used if 2000 J of work is applied for 5 seconds?
400 W
What is the velocity of a car if it travels 1000 meters in 4 seconds?
250 m/s
formula & unit of measure for power
P = work/t
watts (W)
