Chapter 3: Enzymes

Question 1

What do amino acids combine to make

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

In a reaction, enzymes act as a biological…

Answer 2

Catalyst

Question 3

What are enzymes made from?

Answer 3

Long protein molecules folded up to make a specific shape.

Question 4

What part of the enzyme do molecules fit into?

Answer 4

The active site

Question 5

What 3 functions do enzymes preform?

Answer 5

1. Breaking down molecules 2. Building larger ones 3. Changing one molecule into another.

Question 6

What are enzymes that break down carbohydrate called?

Answer 6

carbohydrases

Question 7

Example of an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrate?

Answer 7

amylase

Question 8

Where is amylase made?

Answer 8

Salivary Glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 9

Example of an enzyme that breaks down Protein?

Answer 9

Protease

Question 10

Where is Protease produced?

Answer 10

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 11

Example of an enzyme that breaks down fat?

Answer 11

Lipase

Question 12

What do fats and oils get broken down into?

Answer 12

“Fatty acids”

Question 13

Where do broken down food molecules go?

Answer 13

into the bloodstream (as they are now soluble)

Question 14

Where is Lipase produced?

Answer 14

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 15

How is the stomach protected from the hydrochloric acid?

Answer 15

A lining of mucus.

Question 16

Where is bile produced?

Answer 16

The liver

Question 17

Where is bile stored?

Answer 17

The gall bladder

Question 18

What is the first function of bile?

Answer 18

It is added to digested food leaving the stomach in order to neutralize the acid and make it alkaline

Question 19

What happens to enzymes in too high temperatures and too high or low ph levels?

Answer 19

They become denatured.

Question 20

What does denaturing do to an enzyme?

Answer 20

It changes the shape of the active site.

Question 21

Why does food in the small intestine need to be alkaline?

Answer 21

Because the enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions.

Question 22

How do you increase the speed that enzymes work at?

Answer 22

1. Higher temperature (to a point), best ph level and larger surface area.

Question 23

What is the secondary function of bile?

Answer 23

It emulsifies the fats, breaking them up into small droplets. This increases the surface area, giving the lipase enzymes more space to work.

Question 24

What is the difference between enzymes in the stomach and enzymes in the small intestine/pancreas?

Answer 24

Enzymes in the stomach work best in acidic conditions. Enzymes produced by the small intestine and pancreas work best in alkali conditions

Question 25

What enzymes do biological washing powders contain?

Answer 25

Protease and Lipase enzymes

Question 26

Why do we use enzymes in washing powder?

Answer 26

Because they can break down the fatty substances that make clothes dirty such as food stains and sweat.

Question 27

What enzymes are used in Baby Food?

Answer 27

Protease enzymes

Question 28

Why do we use enzymes in baby food?

Answer 28

Babys are not very good at digesting the food, so we pre-digest some of the food that we give them.

Question 29

What are the three examples of enzyme use in industry?

Answer 29

1. Biological detergents 2. Pre-digesting baby food 3. Creating glucose from starch

Question 30

What enzymes are used to convert starch into sugar?

Answer 30

Carbohydrase enzymes

Question 31

What enzyme changes glucose into fructose?

Answer 31

Isomerase

Question 32

What is the the difference between fructose and glucose?

Answer 32

Fructose is much sweeter. It is commonly used in slimming products.

Question 33

Why are enzyme based processes cheap to run?

Answer 33

They work at lower temperatures, eliminating the need for expensive heating equipment + high electricity bills.

Question 34

Why can using enzymes in industry sometimes cost more?

Answer 34

Controlling the specific ph and temperature can require expensive systems and some enzymes are expensive to produce.

Question 35

What are the disadvantages of biological washing powder?

Answer 35

Some people are allergic/develop allergies to them, the enzymes end up in sewage systems and therefore rivers and other natural bodies of water.