Chapter 1: Cells, Tissues and Organs

Question 1

What is the function of the Nucleus and what is the name of the molecule it contains?

Answer 1

To control all the activities of the Cell, the nucleus contains Chromosomes.

Question 2

What is the Cytoplasm, and what is it’s function?

Answer 2

The liquid gel that fills the majority of the cell. Inside it, most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place.

Question 3

What are Mitochondria, what do they do?

Answer 3

Structures in the cell where oxygen is used to produce energy.

Question 4

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 4

Controls the passage of substances into and out of a cell.

Question 5

What happens in Ribosomes?

Answer 5

Protein Synthesis (The creation of protein needed by the cell)

Question 6

What is a cell wall made out of?

Answer 6

Cellulose. Remember that only plant cells have a Cell Wall

Question 7

What are Chloroplasts?

Answer 7

Structures found in plant cells which contain Chlorophyll

Question 8

What does Chlorophyll do?

Answer 8

It absorbs light energy to make Glucose through Photosynthesis.

Question 9

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 9

To keep a plant cell rigid.

Question 10

Which type of cells have a cell wall?

Answer 10

Plant Cells and bacteria

Question 11

Where is the genetic material inside a Bacterial Cell?

Answer 11

Floating freely inside the Cytoplasm

Question 12

What is the name of the extra information carried by Bacteria?

Answer 12

Plasmids.

Question 13

Protein Synthesis occurs in…

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

Oxygen is used to create energy in the…

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Most chemical reactions take place in the…

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

Substance passage in/out of a cell is controlled by the…

Answer 16

Cell Membrane

Question 17

Photosynthesis is carried out by…

Answer 17

Chlorophyll

Question 18

Reproduction by growing another organism out of the original is called…

Answer 18

Asexual budding

Question 19

Yeast cells reproduce by…

Answer 19

Asexual budding

Question 20

Aerobic Respiration = …………………………. (Word Equation)

Answer 20

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

Question 21

Aerobic Respiration = …………………………. (Symbol Equation)

Answer 21

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 22

Anaerobic Respiration (Animal cells) = …………….. (Word)

Answer 22

glucose → lactic acid (+ energy released)

Question 23

Anaerobic Respiration (Plant cells) = ………………. (Word)

Answer 23

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy released)

Question 24

When do cells start to use Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 24

When there is not enough oxygen

Question 25

What extra features do cone cells (in the eye) have?

Answer 25

Visual pigment (In the top), lots of Mitochondria to replenish Visual pigment and synapses at the bottom.

Question 26

What is an Acrosome?

Answer 26

Store of digestive enzymes found in sperm cells for breaking down outer layer of egg.

Question 27

What is Diffusion?

Answer 27

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration.

Question 28

How to work out net movement of particles?

Answer 28

Particles moving in - Particles moving out.

Question 29

Three factors which effect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 29

Concentration Gradient, Surface area (to volume ratio) and Temperature.

Question 30

In which direction does diffusion occur?

Answer 30

“Down” a diffusion gradient

Question 31

Oxygen passes onto your lungs via…

Answer 31

Diffusion

Question 32

Oxygen passes into your red blood cells via

Answer 32

Diffusion

Question 33

How do the lungs maintain a steep concentration gradient?

Answer 33

Blood that has absorbed oxygen from the lungs moves away and blood with no oxygen takes its place.

Question 34

What is the name of the folds that cells develop to increase surface area?

Answer 34

Microvili

Question 35

What is a Tissue?

Answer 35

A group of cells with similar structure and function working together.

Question 36

What is an Organ?

Answer 36

A structure made up of different tissues all working together to achieve a single function.

Question 37

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 37

It makes hormones to control our blood sugar AND makes some enzymes that digest food.

Question 38

What is an Organ system?

Answer 38

A network of organs that control larger scale functions around the body. (E.g. the digestive system, the circularity system…)

Question 39

The Nervous system is an example of a…

Answer 39

Organ System.

Question 40

A good blood supply provides a…

Answer 40

Steep diffusion gradient

Question 41

If a question asks “Where is ‘x’ produced”, if in doubt, answer the…

Answer 41

Liver! :D

Question 42

Why can’t the body absorb food instantaneously?

Answer 42

Its made up of large insoluble molecules.

Question 43

The process of breaking down food molecules is called…

Answer 43

Digestion.

Question 44

What plant organ transports water and minerals?

Answer 44

Xylem

Question 45

What plant organ Transports dissolved food?

Answer 45

Pholem

Question 46

How has the gut adapted to increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 46

Increased surface area

Question 47

What does the Gall bladder produce?

Answer 47

Bile