Chapter 3 - Earthquakes

Question 1

Earthquake

Answer 1

An earthquake is a series of seismic waves

Question 2

What causes them

Answer 2

When plates collide, separate or slide past each other. Pressure builds up between the two plates and the rock is forced to break.

Question 3

Focus

Answer 3

In the crust where the rock breaks and where the earthquake begins, send out shockwaves or seismic waves

Question 4

Epicentre

Answer 4

Directly above the focus, where the severe shocks occur

Question 5

Aftershocks

Answer 5

Cause further damage to already weakened buildings after the earthquake

Question 6

Seismograph

Answer 6

Measure the shocks caused by the earthquake

Question 7

Richter scale

Answer 7

What the force of the earthquake is measured on

Question 8

Effects of earthquake

Answer 8

Buildings collapse
People die from being trapped in the buildings or falling debris
Gas mains break and fires start
Roads, railways and telephone lines are destroyed which make it harder to get help
Cholera and typhoid are spread due to dirty water

Question 9

Tsunami

Answer 9

When earthquakes occur under the sea the shocks create waves that travel very far with great speed

Question 10

Earthquake in Japan

Answer 10

On the Pacific ring of fire
Reached 9.0 on the Richter scale 
Pacific and Eurasian plate
Seabed was raised by 8 metres
40 metre waves
10 kilometres inland
25000 people died

Question 11

Californian earthquakes

Answer 11

Along San Andreas fault where Pacific and North American plate slide past each other
1904 San Francisco earthquake killed 3500 people
Magnitude of 7.9
Surface was raised by 8