Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ethics - > Chapter 3 - Dual & Multiple Relationships > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Dual & Multiple Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

Dual and multiple relationships are the subject of …

A

… conflicting viewpoints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a practioner´s main responsibility?

A

Maintaining appropriate boundaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When you cannot avoid dual or multiple relationships

A
  • Obtain informed consent of the client
  • Seek consultation
  • Document and monitor your practices
  • Obtain supervision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Multiple Relationships

A

Professional relationships characterized by a professional occupying several different nonprofessional roles with a client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can not be resolved with ethics codes?

A

Multiple relationships issues cannot be resolved with ethics codes alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Boundary crossings or multiple relationships increase the possibility that…

A

therapists may misuse their power to influence and exploit clients for their own benefit and to the clients’ detriment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Behavior is unethical when…

A

it reflects a lack of awareness or **concern **about the impact of the behavior on clients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dual or multiple relationships can occur…

A

simultaneously or consecutively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Family therapists (1)

A

avoid exploiting the trust and dependency of clients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Familiy Therapists (2)

A

avoid conditions and multiple relationships with clients that could impair professional judgment or increase the risk of exploitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relationships of a family therapist include but are not limited to

A

business or close personal relationships with a client or the client’s immediate family.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Counselors are prohibited from… (1)

A

engaging in counseling relationships with friends or family members with whom they have an inability to remain objective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Counselors are prohibited from… (2)

A

engaging in a personal virtual relationship with individuals with whom they have a current counseling relationship (e.g., through social and other media).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Potential Clients include…

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Couselors consider…

A

the risks and benefits of accepting as clients those with whom they have had a previous relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of clients with a relationship…

A

Examples include mutual or past membership in a professional association, organization, or community.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Past relationships include…

A

Individuals with whom the counselor has had a casual, distant, or past relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What measures are to be taken when accepting past relationships clients?

A

Take appropriate professional cautions such as informed consent, consultation, supervision, and documentation to ensure that judgment is not impaired and no exploitation occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A multiple relationship occurs when a psychologist is in a professional role with a person and…

A

another role

closely associated
related to the person

promises to enter into another relationship in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A psychologist refrains from entering into a multiple relationship if

A

the multiple relationship impairs the psychologist’s objectivity, competence, or effectiveness in performing his or her functions as a psychologist, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If a potentially harmful multiple relationship arises….

A

psychologist takes reasonable steps to resolve it with due regard for the best interests of the affected person and maximal compliance with the Ethics Code.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When psychologists are required by law, institutional policy, or extraordinary circumstances to **serve in more than one role **in judicial or administrative proceedings…

A

at the outset they clarify role expectations and the extent of confidentiality and thereafter as changes occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If a client suffers harm or is exploited due to a multiple relationship…

A

the client could file a malpractice lawsuit against the mental health provider.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In military settings multiple relationships are common and can be…

A

a healthy part of communal life. These relationships can improve morale, decrease the stigma attached to seeking psychological assistance, and** improve access** to care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

“mentoring” involves blending roles…

A

… both mentors and learners can certainly benefit from this relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Mentoring relationship is…

A

a personal one, in which both mentor and mentee may benefit from **knowing **the other personally and professionally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does a practioner examine when entering a dual relationship?

A

Practitioners must examine their motivations and consult with other professionals to **determine **the appropriateness of the relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When to only enter a dual relationship?

A

Sound clinical justification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When entering a dual relationship what measures to take?

A
  • Minimize the likelihood of harm coming to the client
  • Document what precautions are taken to protect client
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Forming multiple relationships only when…

A

… it is clear that such relationships are in the best interests of the client.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Younggren and Gottlieb (2004) suggest when considering a dual relationship…

A

applying an ethical, risk-managed, decision-making model when practitioners are analyzing a situation involving the pros and cons of a multiple relationship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Boundary crossings

A
  • Changes in the role
  • A departure from commonly accepted practices that could potentially benefit clients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Boundary violations

A
  • Exploitation of the client at some level
  • A serious breach of professional treatment that results in harm to clients, which is unethical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Interpersonal boundaries are…

A

Fluid;
they may **change over time **and **may be redefined **as therapists and clients continue to work together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What impact do behaviours have on stretching?

A

can become problematic, and boundary crossings can lead to a pattern of blurring of professional roles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What do military mental health provides increase?

A

Their** tolerance for routine boundary crossings** and contacts with clients outside the consulting room.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a common type of boundary crossing?

A

Therapist self-disclosure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When is it appropriate for a therapist to self disclose?

A

Appropriate and timely In the service of the client.

39
Q

Self disclosure cannot be to…

A

burden the client or be the result of the client feeling a need to take care of the therapist.

40
Q

Role blending

A

Inherent (essential) when combining roles and responsibilities

41
Q

Managing Relationships in a small community

A

blend several professional roles and functions
become an integral part of community
accepted as credible mental health resource
if isolated: alienate potential clients, reduce effectiveness
General: Clear decisions and clear boundaries

42
Q

Barter

A

Acceptance of goods
services
other nonmonetary remuneration from clients in return for psychological services

43
Q

When can Psychologists barter?

A
  • not clinically contraindicated
  • **Exploitative **
44
Q

Bartering Assessment

A

At risk of impaired professional judgment?
Determine value of goods/services (never services, example car mechanics in exchange for sessions)
Determine length of time
Document arrangement
Consult experienced colleagues/supervisors

45
Q

Bartering

A

Minimise financial arrangement
Exchange goods rather than services
Written agreement for compensation
If misunderunderstanding: consult mediator

46
Q

How to handle bartering in therapy?

A

Talk about it openly in therapy

47
Q

Acceptance of gifts
Considerations

A
  • Value of the gift
  • Clinical implications accepting or rejecting gift
  • When does it occur?
  • Motivations of therapist to accept or reject client´s gift?
  • Cultural implications
48
Q

Multiple relationship definition

A

practioner in a professional role with a person in addition to another role with that same individual.
Or with another individual who is close to that individual.

49
Q

Mulitple Relationships include

A
  • more than one professional role (combining roles of supervisor and therapist)
    blending professional and nonprofessional **relationship **

providing therapy to relative or a friend´s relative

socialising with clients -> dynamics change! Become part of their life -> might add to the problem

  • Emotionally or sexually involved with client or former client
  • Business relationships
  • Borrowing money from client
  • Loaning money to client
50
Q

In general about mulitple relationships

A

Boundaries are important

For two years no engagement on a personal level with former client

We do not share our problems

We save ourselves

51
Q

Boundary Crossings and Mulitple Relationships involves the following:

A

Misuse of power to influence and exploit clients for own benefits

Detrimental relationship with client

52
Q

Other factors to consider when crossing boundaries

A

Grieve -> give number
CBT is clear on boundaries
Extending sessions -> crossing of boundaries
Children -> attend school play -> means a lot to the student but is a form of boundary crossing
Touch: Boundary crossing

53
Q

Legal perspective on mulitple relationships

A

Dual or mulitple relationships exist on continum
Boundary crossing for client´s benefit
Sexual dual relationships: Cause major harm to client
Legal implications: depends on the nature of relationship and whether harm was caused

54
Q

Mere existence of a mulitple relationship does not cause legal implications / malpractice, however it is unethical because:

A
  • Misuse of power
  • Harmful
  • Exploiting
55
Q

Principles of Justice - Mulitple Relationships

A
  • Impair judgement and objectivity
  • Affect ability to render effective services
  • Result in harm or exploitation
56
Q

Perspectives on Mulitple Relationships

A

Focus on problems which is inherent (essential)
Muliple relationships are:
common
inevitable
unavoilable
normal
healthy part of communal life

No clear consensus on nonsexual mulitple relationships

Responsibility of practioners to monitor

Examine their motivations

Consequences if negligent

57
Q

Boundary crossing

Boundary Crossing vs Boundary Violations

A

departure from commonly accepted practices that could potentially benefit clients

Example: Attending school play, musical recital, sports event -> counselor can do a lot to build relationship
Work with children: talk about it with client - potential to see other parents from children

58
Q

Boundary violation

Boundary crossing vs Boundary violation

A

Serious breach, results in harm and therefore unethical

Example: Erosian of boundaries leads to problematic multiple relationship, brings harm to the client (sexual exploitation)

59
Q

Role blending

A

Inherent (being stuck) when combining roles and responsibility

60
Q

Minimising Risks in Multple Relationships

A
  • Examine own motivations
  • Discuss with client problems involved with MR
  • Involve client in decision making process
  • Set healthy boundaries
  • Discuss riks and benefits
  • Consult professionals to resolve dilemmas
  • Seek supervision
  • If judged appropriate and acceptable, document it in clinical case notes and secure informed consent
  • Referral
61
Q

Arnold Lazarus - General condemnation against MR

Perspectives on Boundary Issues

A
  • unfair and inconsistent decisions - licensing boards
  • sanctions against practioners who have done no harm
  • impeded therapist´s work to be not optimum (Military seeting, usual case of entering MR)
62
Q

Managing MR - Small communities

A

Practioners who work in small communities - blend several professional roles and functions
(make clear decisions/set clear boundaries)
Become integral part of community
in order to be accepted as mental health resource
If practioners isolate from community -> potential to alienate clients
-> reduce effectiveness where they work

63
Q

Bartering Relationship

Prior to establishing a bartering RS

A

Acceptance of:

goods
services
other non monetary remuneration from clients
in return for psychological services

64
Q

APA Ethics Code (2002) 6.05
Section 6: Record keeping and fees

Prior to establishing a Bartering RS

A

Barter is the acceptance of goods, services, or other nonmonetary remuneration from clients/patients in return for psychological services. Psychologists may barter only if
(1) it is not clinically contraindicated, and (2) the resulting arrangement is not exploitative.
(*See also Standards 3.05, Multiple Relationships , and 6.04, Fees and Financial Arrangements *.)

65
Q

Clinically contraindicted

A
  • BARTERING FOR MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
  • clinically inadvisable (clinically not advised)
66
Q

Before entering a Bartering Relationship consider the following factors:

A

evaluate risks
impaired professional judgment
Value of goods/services
Appropriate length of time
Document the arrangement
Consult with experienced colleagues or supervisors

67
Q

General note and Example on Bartering

A

Better to exchange goods than services
Example: car mechanic
Business deal in exchange for therapy
Make a contract
XYZ amounts to for X number of sessions to offer psycholigical services

68
Q

Bartering additional guidelines

A

Minimise fianancial arrangements
Better to exchange goods than services
Written agreement for compensation
If misunderstanding develops: matter dealt with by mediator

69
Q

Reasons why clients do gifting

A

Graditude
Special attention
Buy people´s love
Gifts come with expectations
Do not take oranges for example (Cyprus village)
How to handle it in therapy: Talk with the client about it

70
Q

Acceptance of gifts

A

Value of gift?
Clinical implications - Accepting or rejecting gifts?
When in the therapy process is offering occuring?
Therapist: Moviations for accepting/rejecting gifts?
Cultural implications?

71
Q

Socialising with current or former clients
Disadvantage

A
  • May not be as challenging
    because of need to be liked
  • Objectivity is lost
  • Greater risk of exploiting clients because of power differential
  • Develop friendship not eligible for psychological services
72
Q

Socialising with former clients - Factors to consider

A
  • Nature of social function
  • Nature of client´s problem
  • Client population
  • Setting where you work
  • Kind of therapy
    theoretical approach
73
Q

Prevelance of Sexual Attractions in Client Therapist Relationship

A

Attraction prevalant experience among female and male relationships

74
Q

Sexual Attractions in Client Therapist RS
Common reactions are:

A
  • Surprise
  • Guilt
  • Anxiety - unresolved personal problems
  • Fear of losing control
  • Fear of criticism
  • Confusion about boundaries and roles
  • Confusion about actions
75
Q

Recommendations - Dealing with Sexual Attractions

A
  • Minimise sexual transgression
  • Recognition of sexual attractions - deal with it constructively and therapeutically
  • Seek professional support - personal loss or crisis
  • Examine and monitor feelings and behaviours towards clients
  • Difference between sexual attraction and acting on attraction
76
Q

Recommendations - Dealing with Sexual Attractions (2)

A
  • Consequences for clients and therapists who engage in sexual activity
  • Establish and maintain clear boundaries - sexual advances
  • Terminate therapeutic relationship - objectivity at risk
    **Direct explicit disclosures:
  • Harming clients
  • Unethical
77
Q

Recommendations - Dealing with Sexual Attractions (3)

A
  • No explicit communication of sexual feelings instead acknowledge caring and warmth in therapeutic relationship
  • Risk managemnt approach (Awareness for timining, location appointments
  • Non erotic touch
  • No general self disclosure
  • Supervision
  • Consultation
  • Personal Therapy (entire career)
78
Q

Harmful Effects for victims of sexual misconduct
(Important to remember)

A

Distrust of opposite sex
Distrust of therapists and therapeutic process
Guilt
Depression
Anger
Rejection
Suciadal ideation
Low self-esteem

79
Q

Legal sanctions against sexual violators

A

Lawsuit
Felony
Lincense revoked/suspension
Expelled from professional orgas
Loss of insurance coverage
Jobloss

80
Q

Non sexual touch - Boundary crossing
Ethical and clinical guidelines

A
  • Touch only when therapeutic effect
  • Can be appropriate - significant value
  • Expression of care and compassion
  • Reassurance; healing process
  • Touch - tharapist´s training and competence
  • Foundation of client safety and empowerment before touch
  • Counterproductive when distracts from feelings
81
Q

Non sexual touch

A
  • Consider client´s potential perceiption and interpretation of touch
  • Special are when dealing with:
  • Assault
  • Neglect
  • Attachment difficulties
  • Rape
  • Molestation
  • Sexual addiction
  • Intimacy issues
  • Responsibility of therapist to seek education and consultation regarding touch
82
Q

Sport Psychologists

A

Sport psychology consultants cross boundaries typically associated with mental health settings.

Developing trusting and credible relationships requires sport psychologists to meet athletes where they practice their sport;

Relationships are considered appropriate because of the context of the sport environment and the culture of sport (Haberl & Peterson, 2006; Moles et al., 2016).

83
Q

Recommendations for therapists who work outside of the office

A

Make clear at the outset of therapy during the informed consent process.

Consult insurance carrier about

Activities may have implications for their liability exposure.

84
Q

Cultural Perspective on Boundaries
(Speight, 2012)

A

African American clients expect a warm, reciprocal, and understanding relationship and perceive therapists’ objective detachment as uncaring and uninvolved.

85
Q

What concept does Speight propose?

A

Concept of solidarity

Rooted in the ties within a society that bind people together, as a culturally congruent way of understanding, defining, and managing boundaries

86
Q

Role Blending

Key term

A

Activities that pertain to professionals playing multiple roles and having multiple responsibilities

[Example: Supervisors blend the roles of teacher, coach, evaluator, counselor, and mentor at times]

87
Q

Role blending and Ethical reasoning

A

Role blending is not necessarily unethical, but it does call for vigilance on the part of the professional to ensure that exploitation does not occur.

88
Q

Slipery Slope Phenomenen

Key term

A

The argument for carefully monitoring therapeutic boundaries based on the premise that certain actions will inevitably lead to a progressive deterioration of ethical and professional behavior

89
Q

What is the strongest argument for the
Slipery Slope Phenomenen?

A

Strongest arguments for carefully monitoring boundaries in psychotherapy.

90
Q

How should boundary crossing be evaluated?

A

Boundary crossings need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis

91
Q

When attending a school play of a client. Questions to consider?

A

“How will I respond if this client continues to ask me to participate in other activities?”

“How will I respond to other students who make similar requests?”

“How will I deal with these extra demands on my time?”

92
Q

When practicing in rual areas follow the following:

A

Obtain informed consent

Document thoroughly

Set clear boundaries and expectations, both for yourself and with your clients

Pay attention to matters of confidentiality

Get involved in** ongoing consultation** or a peer supervision group

93
Q

Working in small communities the therapist should exercise the following

A

Demands flexibility,
Honesty, and
Sensitivity.

Creatively adapt to situations as they unfold

Ethics - (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions