Chapter 3 - Digestion Flashcards
What does it mean when cells differentiate?
When cells become specialised to carry out specific jobs
What is an enzyme
Proteins that act as biological catalysts. These can be used in the digestion process to break down foods
What are carbohydrates made up of
Simple sugars (glucose = C6H12O6)
What is a complex carbohydrates
Long chains of simple sugars bonded together like Starch and cellulose
What are lipids made up of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are proteins made up of
Amino acids joined up in chains by special bonds (which can be easily be broken by temperature or pH which denature them)
What do proteins do?
Act as:
-structural components of tissues like muscles and tendon,
-hormones like insulin
-antibodies to destroy pathogens
-enzymes which act as catalysts
How do you test for carbohydrates?
-Iodine test for starch- yellow red iodine solution turns blue if starch is present
-Benedict’s test for sugars- blue solution turns brick red on heating if sugar is present
How do you test for protein?
Biuret test- blue reagent turns purple of protein is present
How do you test for lipids
Ethanol test- ethanol added to solution turns cloudy white layer if a lipids is present
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates
Amylase (produced in the salivary glands and pancreas)
What enzyme breaks down protein
Protease (produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine)
What enzyme breaks down fats
Lipase (produced in pancreas abs small intestine)
What is bile, how is it made and what does it do?
-Bile is an alkaline liquid formed in the liver
-it’s made by the liver
- it is used to neutralise acid added to food in stomach during digestion in the small intestine
