Chapter 3- Culture Flashcards
The values, norms, and material goods shared by a given group
Culture
style and kind of living based on personal traditions passed down over time
folk culture
describes reality
Real culture
genetically inherited patterns of behavior
Instinct
Study of biological basis of human behavior
Sociobiology
rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior
norms
norms of great significance
mores
applied by officially designated persons, such as judges or teachers
formal sanction
the process of finding something that already exists
discovery
groups that are part of the dominant culture but differ from it in some important respects
subculture
concretely tangible objects within a culture
material culture
a statement that you agree or disagree with
belief
subcultures that are deliberately opposed to certain central beliefs/attitudes of the dominant culture
countercuture
creation of something new
invention
applied by most members of a group
informal sanction
rules that cover customary ways of thinking, feelings, and behaving but lack moral overtone
folkways
widely disseminated via the mass media
mass culture
structured community of people
society
guidelines we claim to accep
ideal culture
common traits between different cultures
cultural universals
different traits between different cultures
cultural particular
automatic reaction to a physical stimulus
reflex
impulse to reduce discomfort
drive
style and kind of living that is relatively modern, well known, and generally accepted
pop culture
style and kind of living of the modern wealthy
elite culture
broadest cultural ideas that form the basis for norms
values
rewards and punishments used to encourage conformity to norms
sanction
most serious mores
taboo
norms that are formally defined and enforced by officials
law
borrowing of aspect of culture from other cultures
diffusion
groupings of persons who share a social characteristic
social categories
when people judge others in terms of their own cultural standards
ethnocentrism
involves beliefs, ideas, and knowledge that influences people’s behavior
nonmaterial culture
the way of passing/learning knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values form person to person
cultural transmission
process of social learning
language
why do we study other cultures?
so we know their ways of life and avoid conflicts
-to not be ignorant
why are values and beliefs important to study in sociology?
values and beliefs are important because people base their behavior on what they believe, regardless of how true or false they are
explain the difference between culture and society
societies share a common culture. Societies are enduring social groups who members have developed organized patterns of relationships. Cultures explain why
explain how culture might change because of diffusion
diffusion is borrowing aspect of other cultures to incorporate into your own. Culture can change by being influenced by other cultures.
