Chapter 3 - Creating New Social Orders Flashcards
Summarize the key aspects of Spanish exploration and colonial society.
Spanish explorers established outposts like St. Augustine and Santa Fe, searching for wealth and converting native peoples to Catholicism. However, the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 highlighted resistance to Spanish control. Grand ambitions for wealth and dominance were only partially realized, with challenges to maintaining their envisioned social order.
What challenges did the Spanish face in maintaining control over their colonies?
Resistance from Native Americans, such as the Pueblo Revolt, and difficulty in enforcing their vision of wealth and Catholic dominance.
Summarize the differences in Dutch and French colonial ambitions.
Both powers focused on fur trading in North America. The French established trading outposts in Canada, while the Dutch operated in present-day New York. Although neither attracted large numbers of settlers, their colonies intensified imperial rivalries and depended heavily on native partnerships.
How did the French and Dutch differ in their relationships with Native Americans?
Both relied on Native Americans for fur trade but were more collaborative compared to the Spanish or English settlers.
Summarize the origins and development of English settlements in America.
English settlements like Jamestown (1607) and Plymouth (1620) marked a shift from earlier failed attempts. Jamestown, backed by the Virginia Company, sought economic profits, while Plymouth was a haven for Puritan religious freedom. Both colonies struggled with conflicts involving Native Americans and environmental challenges.
What were the motivations behind English colonization?
Economic gains (Jamestown) and religious freedom (Plymouth).
How did King Philip’s War illustrate tensions between English settlers and Native Americans?
It demonstrated the violent conflicts over land and control, nearly driving settlers out of New England. They carried Massasoit (King Phillip) head around town…
Summarize the broader impact of European colonization in the Americas.
Colonization led to the Atlantic slave trade, forced labor systems like indentures and repartimiento, and displacement of Native American communities. Cultural exchanges transformed economies and societies, though often to the detriment of indigenous peoples.
How did the Atlantic slave trade shape colonial societies?
It provided a labor system that underpinned colonial economies while devastating African populations and cultures.
What were the consequences of introducing European concepts of property ownership to Native Americans?
It created conflict, as Native Americans traditionally saw land as communal rather than individually owned.
In what ways did the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonial strategies differ?
Spanish focused on religious conversion and wealth, French and Dutch emphasized trade and alliances, and English settlements were driven by economic and religious motivations.
How did Native Americans resist European colonization efforts?
Through revolts like the Pueblo Revolt, alliances against European powers, and maintaining cultural practices.
How did colonization shape the identities of European settlers and indigenous populations?
It created hierarchical societies for settlers while eroding indigenous cultures and autonomy.
