Chapter 13 - Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses Flashcards
Colonization
The strategy of moving African Americans out of the United States, usually to Africa.
What was the Second Great Awakening?
A Protestant revival movement in the early 19th century emphasizing personal salvation and emotional religious experiences, rejecting predestination.
What is Transcendentalism?
A philosophical movement focused on individualism, nature, and spiritual self-reliance; associated with writers like Emerson and Thoreau.
What was Brook Farm?
A transcendentalist utopian community in Massachusetts that combined intellectual and manual labor, reflecting ideals of individualism and reform.
Who were the Shakers and what did they believe?
A religious group practicing communal living and celibacy, emphasizing equality and simplicity in lifestyle and furniture design.
What was the Oneida Community known for?
A utopian group advocating “complex marriage” and spiritual perfection, founded by John Humphrey Noyes.
What did Sylvester Graham advocate for?
Health reform through vegetarianism, temperance, and abstinence; invented the Graham cracker as a health food.
What was phrenology?
A pseudoscientific belief that personality traits could be determined by the shape of the skull.
What were key temperance movement tactics?
Moral persuasion, pledges of abstinence, theatrical presentations like “Ten Nights in a Bar-Room”, and legislation like the Maine Law of 1851.
What was colonization in the context of slavery reform?
A movement to relocate free Black Americans to Africa, supported by the American Colonization Society and figures like Jefferson and Monroe.
Who was Frederick Douglass and what was his impact?
An escaped enslaved person turned abolitionist leader; published his autobiography and founded the North Star newspaper.
How did the Grimké sisters influence reform?
Sarah and Angelina Grimké were abolitionists who also advocated for women’s rights, challenging norms by speaking to mixed audiences.
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
The first major women’s rights convention in 1848; produced the “Declaration of Rights and Sentiments” demanding equality.
