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Ap Psych > Chapter 3: Consciousness And The Two Track Mind > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Consciousness And The Two Track Mind Flashcards

1
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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3
Q

dual processing

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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4
Q

selective attention

A

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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5
Q

selective inattention

A

the inability to sense stimulus outside of a particular stimulus

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6
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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7
Q

change blindness

A

failing to notice changes in the environment

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8
Q

circadiam rhythm

A

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

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9
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

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10
Q

paradoxical sleep

A

another name for REM sleep because muscles are relaxed and do not move but other body systems are active

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11
Q

alpha waves

A

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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12
Q

delta waves

A

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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13
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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14
Q

sleep loss (effects)

A

memory, concentration, mood, hunger and obesity, immune system, risk of fatal accidents, etc.

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15
Q

sleep theories

A

1) sleep protects
2) sleep helps us recuperate
3) sleep is for making memories
4) sleep feeds creative thinking
5) sleep may play a role in the growth process

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16
Q

insomnia

A

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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17
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. may lapse directly into REM sleep.

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18
Q

sleep apnea

A

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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19
Q

night terrors

A

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep within two or three hours of falling asleep , and are seldom remembered.

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20
Q

REM dreams

A

vivid, emotional, bizarre, and realistic ‘hallucinations’ of the mind

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21
Q

Manifest content

A

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

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22
Q

dreams

A

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

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23
Q

latent content

A

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

24
Q

Freud’s wish-fulfillment

A

dreams provide a psychic safety valve expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings

25
information-processing
dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories
26
physiological function
regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may hep develop and preserve neural pathways
27
Activation-Synthesis
REM sleep triggers neural activities that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.
28
cognitive development
dream content reflects dreamers' cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding.
29
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
30
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
31
post hypnotic suggestion
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
32
post hypnotic amnesia
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session to forget the session contents
33
dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
34
divided consciousness theory
hypnosis has caused a split in awareness
35
social influence theory
the subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she acts accordingly
36
psychoactive drugs
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
37
tolerance
the diminishing effects with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.
38
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
39
psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
40
physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
41
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
42
psychoactive drugs
drugs that do work at the brain's synapses: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens
43
depressants
drugs such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
44
alcohol
depressant- high followed by relaxation and disinhibition. - depression, memory loss, organ damage, impaired reactions
45
barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
46
opiates
opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
47
stimulants
drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine and ecstasy that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
48
amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
49
methamphetamine
stimulant- euphoria, alertness, energy. -irritability, insomnia, hypertension, seizures.
50
caffeine
stimulant- increased alertness and wakefulness. - anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, uncomfortable withdrawal.
51
nicotine
stimulant- arousal and relaxation, sense of well being. - heart disease and cancer
52
cocaine
stimulant- rush of euphoria, confidence, energy. -cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, depressive crash.
53
ecstasy (MDMA)
stimulant, mild hallucinogen- emotional elevation, disinhibition. - dehydration, overheating, depressed mood, impaired cognitive and immune functioning.
54
hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
55
LSD
a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid.
56
marijuana
mild hallucinogen- enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of pain, relaxation. -impaired learning and memory, increased risk of psychological disorders, lung damage from smoke.
57
near death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug induced hallucinations.

Ap Psych (7 decks)

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