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Ap Psych > Chapter 2: Neuroscience And Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Neuroscience And Behavior Flashcards

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0
Q

Hippocampus

A

Neural center in limbic system. Helps process memory for storage

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1
Q

Amygdala

A

Bean sized neural clusters in limbic system. Linked to emotion.

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2
Q

Limbic system

A

Neural system(amygdala hippocampus hypothalamus) located below hemispheres

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Neural structure below the thalamus. Maintenance activities and governing endocrine system (pituitary). Linked to emotion and reward.

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4
Q

Split brain

A

A condition from the result of cutting the two hemispheres apart (usually the corpus collosum)

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5
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Calming. division of autonomic nervous system that calms the body.

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8
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Division of peripheral nervous system that controls body’s skeletal muscles

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9
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful times

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls glands and muscles of internal organs. (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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11
Q

Nervous system

A

Bodies speedy electrochemical communication network consisting of all the nerves cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

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12
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Linked to schizophrenia, tremors, and Parkinson’s

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13
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, hunger, sleep, arousal. linked to Depression

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14
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Controls alertness and arousal. Can depress mood

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15
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory. oversupply leads to migraines and seizures.

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

The natural transmitter link to pain control and pleasure

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory. Alzheimer’s disease ACH producing neurons deteriorate

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18
Q

CT scan (computerized tomography scan)

A

Pictures of body structures made from multiple x-ray images

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19
Q

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

A

Shows brain function (compares successive MRI scans)

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20
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

Technique using magnetic fields and radio waves to produce pictures (computer) of the brain anatomy

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21
Q

Pet scan (positive emission tomography)

A

Visual display of brain activity to radioactive glucose to show brain perform a given task

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22
Q

EEG (electroencephalograph)

A

Amplified recording of electrical activity waves That sweeps across brain’s surface. measured through electrodes on scalp

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23
Q

CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)

A

Takes multiple pictures to give a 3-D view of the structure

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24
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine glands through bloodstream and affect other tissues

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25
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Pair of endocrine glands above kidneys that secrete hormones to arouse body in times of stress. (Epinephrine norepinephrine)

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26
Q

Pituitary glands

A

Endocrine system most influential gland controlled by hypothalamus regulates the growth and controls other endocrine glands

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27
Q

Endocrine system

A

The body’s slow chemical communication system made up of a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

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28
Q

Biological psychologist

A

A branch of psychology for links between biology and behavior

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29
Q

Interneuron

A

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord that communicate between sensory and motor inputs/outputs

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30
Q

Motor neurons

A

Neurons that carry outgoing info from brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

31
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

32
Q

Thalamus

A

Brain’s sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem direct messages to sensory cortexes, cerebellum, and medulla

33
Q

The brain

A

Ultimate information thinking movement controlling organ responsible for ultimate decisions

34
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain at rear of brainstem. processes sensory input coordinating movement and balance

35
Q

Brainstem

A

Oldest part and central core of brain responsible for automatic survival functions

36
Q

Reticular formation

A

Nerve network in brainstem that deals with arousal

37
Q

Pons

A

Tissue connecting two parts of an organ

38
Q

Medulla

A

Base of brainstem controls heartbeat and breathing

39
Q

Genetics

A

Genes biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosome

40
Q

Chemical transmissions neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that crosses synaptic gap between neurons

41
Q

Lesions

A

Tissue destruction natural or experimental

42
Q

Reflexes

A

Automatic response to sensory stimulus (knee-jerk response)

43
Q

Reuptake

A

A neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron

44
Q

Neural structure

A

A structure that is part of the nervous system

45
Q

Franz Gall

A

Split brain experiment

46
Q

Terminal branches

A

Forms junctions with other cells

47
Q

Neurons

A

A nerve cell building block of nervous system

48
Q

Dendrites

A

Bushy branching extension of the neuron that receives messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

49
Q

Phrenology

A

Psychology where people are examined by bumps on your head

50
Q

Axon

A

Longest part of neuron where electrical charge runs down

51
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Layor of fatty tissue encasing the axon to quicken speed of neural impulses

52
Q

Action potential

A

A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge the travels down an axon

53
Q

Resting potential

A

A state where the negative ions are inside and the positive ions are outside

54
Q

Refractory period

A

A resting period after firing an action potential

55
Q

Inhibitory signal

A

Electrical signal not to fire

56
Q

Excitatory signal

A

Tactical signal in order to fire a action potential

57
Q

Threshold

A

Level of stimulation required to trigger a impulse

58
Q

All or non response

A

The neuron either fires or doesn’t it doesn’t fire any harder than the other

59
Q

Neural impulse

A

Electrical charge that goes through a neuron for its action potential

60
Q

Cell body

A

The body of the cell where it has its functions necessary for life

61
Q

Synapses (synaptic gap)

A

Gap between two neurons

62
Q

The cerebral cortex

A

Fabric of interconnected cells covering the hemispheres. ultimate control and information processing center

63
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.

64
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Just behind the forehead involved in speaking, muscle movements, planning, and judgment.

65
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Top of the head, bottom half. Recieves sensory input for touch and body position.

66
Q

Occipital lobes

A

The bottom back part of your head. involved in seeing

67
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Near your temples. involved in hearing

68
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Cortex involved in sensing (parietal lobe)

69
Q

Motor cortex

A

Cortex involved in movement (parietal lobe)

70
Q

Auditory cortex

A

The cortex involved in hearing (Temporal lobe)

71
Q

Visual cortex

A

The cortex involved in sight (occipital lobe)

72
Q

Association areas

A

Areas in the brain you used to store memories and other things

73
Q

Phineas Gage

A

An accident where the frontal lobes were destroyed resulting in a change of personality

74
Q

Plasticity

A

The brain’s way of recovering through other part/senses

75
Q

Neural Genesis

A

The formation of new neurons

76
Q

Corpus Collosum

A

Large band of neural fibers sending messages between the two sides of the brain

Ap Psych (7 decks)

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