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Ap Psych > Chapter 2: Neuroscience And Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Neuroscience And Behavior Flashcards

0
Q

Hippocampus

A

Neural center in limbic system. Helps process memory for storage

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1
Q

Amygdala

A

Bean sized neural clusters in limbic system. Linked to emotion.

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2
Q

Limbic system

A

Neural system(amygdala hippocampus hypothalamus) located below hemispheres

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Neural structure below the thalamus. Maintenance activities and governing endocrine system (pituitary). Linked to emotion and reward.

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4
Q

Split brain

A

A condition from the result of cutting the two hemispheres apart (usually the corpus collosum)

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5
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Calming. division of autonomic nervous system that calms the body.

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8
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Division of peripheral nervous system that controls body’s skeletal muscles

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9
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful times

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls glands and muscles of internal organs. (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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11
Q

Nervous system

A

Bodies speedy electrochemical communication network consisting of all the nerves cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

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12
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Linked to schizophrenia, tremors, and Parkinson’s

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13
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, hunger, sleep, arousal. linked to Depression

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14
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Controls alertness and arousal. Can depress mood

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15
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory. oversupply leads to migraines and seizures.

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

The natural transmitter link to pain control and pleasure

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory. Alzheimer’s disease ACH producing neurons deteriorate

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18
Q

CT scan (computerized tomography scan)

A

Pictures of body structures made from multiple x-ray images

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19
Q

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

A

Shows brain function (compares successive MRI scans)

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20
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

Technique using magnetic fields and radio waves to produce pictures (computer) of the brain anatomy

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21
Q

Pet scan (positive emission tomography)

A

Visual display of brain activity to radioactive glucose to show brain perform a given task

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22
Q

EEG (electroencephalograph)

A

Amplified recording of electrical activity waves That sweeps across brain’s surface. measured through electrodes on scalp

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23
Q

CAT scan (computerized axial tomography)

A

Takes multiple pictures to give a 3-D view of the structure

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24
Hormones
Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine glands through bloodstream and affect other tissues
25
Adrenal glands
Pair of endocrine glands above kidneys that secrete hormones to arouse body in times of stress. (Epinephrine norepinephrine)
26
Pituitary glands
Endocrine system most influential gland controlled by hypothalamus regulates the growth and controls other endocrine glands
27
Endocrine system
The body's slow chemical communication system made up of a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
28
Biological psychologist
A branch of psychology for links between biology and behavior
29
Interneuron
Neurons in the brain and spinal cord that communicate between sensory and motor inputs/outputs
30
Motor neurons
Neurons that carry outgoing info from brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
31
Sensory neuron
Neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
32
Thalamus
Brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem direct messages to sensory cortexes, cerebellum, and medulla
33
The brain
Ultimate information thinking movement controlling organ responsible for ultimate decisions
34
Cerebellum
Little brain at rear of brainstem. processes sensory input coordinating movement and balance
35
Brainstem
Oldest part and central core of brain responsible for automatic survival functions
36
Reticular formation
Nerve network in brainstem that deals with arousal
37
Pons
Tissue connecting two parts of an organ
38
Medulla
Base of brainstem controls heartbeat and breathing
39
Genetics
Genes biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosome
40
Chemical transmissions neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers that crosses synaptic gap between neurons
41
Lesions
Tissue destruction natural or experimental
42
Reflexes
Automatic response to sensory stimulus (knee-jerk response)
43
Reuptake
A neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron
44
Neural structure
A structure that is part of the nervous system
45
Franz Gall
Split brain experiment
46
Terminal branches
Forms junctions with other cells
47
Neurons
A nerve cell building block of nervous system
48
Dendrites
Bushy branching extension of the neuron that receives messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
49
Phrenology
Psychology where people are examined by bumps on your head
50
Axon
Longest part of neuron where electrical charge runs down
51
Myelin sheath
Layor of fatty tissue encasing the axon to quicken speed of neural impulses
52
Action potential
A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge the travels down an axon
53
Resting potential
A state where the negative ions are inside and the positive ions are outside
54
Refractory period
A resting period after firing an action potential
55
Inhibitory signal
Electrical signal not to fire
56
Excitatory signal
Tactical signal in order to fire a action potential
57
Threshold
Level of stimulation required to trigger a impulse
58
All or non response
The neuron either fires or doesn't it doesn't fire any harder than the other
59
Neural impulse
Electrical charge that goes through a neuron for its action potential
60
Cell body
The body of the cell where it has its functions necessary for life
61
Synapses (synaptic gap)
Gap between two neurons
62
The cerebral cortex
Fabric of interconnected cells covering the hemispheres. ultimate control and information processing center
63
Glial cells
Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.
64
Frontal lobes
Just behind the forehead involved in speaking, muscle movements, planning, and judgment.
65
Parietal lobes
Top of the head, bottom half. Recieves sensory input for touch and body position.
66
Occipital lobes
The bottom back part of your head. involved in seeing
67
Temporal lobes
Near your temples. involved in hearing
68
Sensory cortex
Cortex involved in sensing (parietal lobe)
69
Motor cortex
Cortex involved in movement (parietal lobe)
70
Auditory cortex
The cortex involved in hearing (Temporal lobe)
71
Visual cortex
The cortex involved in sight (occipital lobe)
72
Association areas
Areas in the brain you used to store memories and other things
73
Phineas Gage
An accident where the frontal lobes were destroyed resulting in a change of personality
74
Plasticity
The brain's way of recovering through other part/senses
75
Neural Genesis
The formation of new neurons
76
Corpus Collosum
Large band of neural fibers sending messages between the two sides of the brain

Ap Psych (7 decks)

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